Biomolecules Macromolecules

Organic Compounds An organic compound is any compound that contains atoms of the element carbon. Carbon has 2 electrons in its 1 st energy level and 4 electrons in its 2 nd energy level.

Carbon Carbon’s 4 valence electrons form covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. Carbon can share one electron in a single bond, two electrons in a double bond, and even three electrons (triple bond not shown)

1 st Biomolecule Carbohydrates made of Monosaccharides Here are 3 examples of a monosaccharide A monosaccharide is a single sugar carbohydrate. These 3 molecules are also isomers. They all have the chemical formula C 6 H 12 O 6.

Glucose: Chain and Ring Glucose (and other monosaccharide) chains can bend to form a ring.

Disaccharide and Polysaccharide Disaccharide and Polysaccharide One monosaccharide can join with another monosaccharide to create a disaccharide like sucrose. A polysaccharide like cellulose (found in plant cell walls) is many monosaccharides bonded together.

2 nd Biomolecule-Lipids Examples of lipids: fats, phospholipids, waxes and steroids Many Fat molecule are made of Glycerol and Three Fatty Acids bonded together

Saturated and Unsaturated Fats Fatty acids can be either saturated or unsaturated. Saturated fats contain only single bonds between carbons. Unsaturated fats contain at least one double bond between carbons. (therefore less hydrogens are present)

3 rd Biomolecule Proteins: made of Amino Acids Proteins are made by bonding amino acids together. The side chain differs from one amino acid to another. There are 20 different side chains that make 20 different types of amino acids.

Peptide Bonds and Polymers The bond linking two amino acids together is called a peptide bond. Protein chains may contain hundreds, even thousands, of amino acids. These long chains of organic molecules are called polymers or polypeptide chains.

4 th Biomolecule Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are composed of individual nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains: 1. sugar, 2.phosphate group 3.nitrogenous base.

The End