Organic Chemistry. Organic compounds Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen.

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Presentation transcript:

Organic Chemistry

Organic compounds Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen

Why can carbon make so many diverse compounds? Carbon has 4 valence electrons It forms four bonds Carbon can bond to itself (to other carbons)

The Rules of Organic Chemistry 1. The Octet Rule –Only four bonds per carbon 2. There are no other rules

Alkanes- compounds with only single bonds Alkenes- compounds with one double bond (and maybe one or more singles) Alkynes- compounds with one triple bond (and maybe one or more singles)

Naming straight-chain hydrocarbons 1. Count the number of carbons. This will tell you what prefix to use. 1 meth- 2 eth- 3 prop- 4 but- 5 pent- 6 hex- 7 hept- 8 oct- 9 non- 10 dec- 2. Look to see what types of bonds are there to determine suffix. Single - -ane Double= -ene Triple= -yne If it’s an alkene or alkyne, determine which carbon the multiple bond is on and write it as a number followed by a dash at the beginning of the name. This number should be the lowest number possible (count from both sides and see).