8th edition Blood and Lymphatic System 10

Blood Fluid consisting of formed elements and plasma. Transports respiratory gases, chemical substances, and cells that act to protect the body from foreign substances. Blood volume depends on body weight. An individual weighing 154 lb (70 kg) has a blood volume of about 5 qt or 5 L.

Centrifuge

Figure 10.1 Blood and its components.

Blood Formed Elements (45% of total volume of blood) –Erythrocytes (red blood cells) –Thrombocytes (platelets) –Leukocytes (white blood cells) Plasma and formed elements constitute whole blood.

Blood Plasma –The fluid part of the blood. –Clear and somewhat straw-colored. –55% of total volume of blood; 91% water, 9% chemical compounds. –Provides nutritive substances and removes waste products of metabolism.

OVERVIEW OF BLOOD Take out a piece of paper The next slide will have a list of words. Divide paper into three columns What I already know. What I learned about it today. Rate your current knowledge 1-5 –1 low to 5 high afterwards

Medical Terms Erythrocyte Leukocyte Thrombocytes –Coagulation ml ml

Blood Erythrocytes – Red Blood Cells (RBCs) Thrombocytes – Platelets –Important role in clotting Leukocytes – White Blood Cells (WBCs)

Erythrocytes Erythr/o = ______ Cytes = ________ Antigens – located on the surface of red blood cells

Thrombocytes Thromb/o = _______ Cytes =________ –What is clotting? – /anatomyvideos/ htm

Figure 10.3 The clotting process (coagulation).

Leukocytes Leuk/o= _______ Cytes =_______ Types of Leukocytes –Neutrophil –Eosinophil –Basophil –Monocyte –Lymphocyte – B and T Lymphocyte

Table 10.2 Types of Blood Cells and Functions

Neutrophil Neutrophil chasing bacteria Go neutrophil go!

Medical Terms Go Back To Sheet Antigen Erythrocyte Leukocyte Types of Leukocytes –Neutrophil –Eosinophil –Basophil –Monocyte –Lymphocyte – B and T Lymphocyte Thrombocytes –Coagulation

Four Blood Types What are the four blood types and their significance in blood typing and blood transfusion? THE ABO SYSTEM What are the four blood types? What must be done before a blood transfusion can occur? Look at page 311

Blood Rh Factor –Presence of a substance called agglutinogen in the red blood cells. –85% of the population: Rh positive. –15% of the population: Rh negative.

Why it matters According to Blood Transfusions and the Immune System: 1 1 “If incompatible blood is given in a transfusion, the donor cells are treated as if they were foreign invaders, and the patient's immune system attacks them accordingly. Not only is the blood transfusion rendered useless, but a potentially massive activation of the immune system and clotting system can cause shock, kidney failure, circulatory collapse, and death.”

Blood Rh Factor –For a transfusion to be successful, ABO and Rh blood groups of the donor and recipient must be compatible. –If blood groups are not compatible, donated blood's RBCs can agglutinate and:  cause clogging of blood vessels  slow and/or stop circulation of blood to various parts of the body  can hemolyze (dissolve or be destroyed), and their contents leak out in the body

Table 10.3 Blood Groups and Compatibilities

Test your knowledge Match up the blood types Donor O A B AB Recipient O A B AB

Lymphatic System Role of the following-page 314 and edevices: Where is it located? What is the main function? –Spleen –Tonsils –Thymus

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Accessory Organs Spleen –A soft, dark-red oval body lying in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen. –Major site of destruction for erythrocytes over 80–120 days old. –Serves as a reservoir for blood. –Plays an essential role in the immune response and acts as a filter, removing microorganisms from blood.

Accessory Organs Tonsils –Lymphoid masses located in depressions of the mucous membranes of the face and pharynx that filter bacteria and aid in the formation of white blood cells. Consist of –Palatine tonsil –Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) –Lingual tonsil

Figure 10.7 Tonsils—normal and enlarged.

Accessory Organs Thymus –Located in the mediastinal cavity. –Plays an essential role in the formation of antibodies and the development of the immune response in the newborn. –Manufactures infection-fighting T cells, which are important in the body's immune response, and helps distinguish normal T cells from those that attack the body's own tissue.

Immunity Passive Immunity- transfer of antibody produced by another human or another animal to another –Temporary protection –Transplacental most important source in infancy.

Active Immunity Active Immunity – system produces humoral immunity (secreting antibodies) and cellular immunity (secreting T-lympocytes alone) –Last years often a lifetime –Sources  Infection from disease-causing form of organism  Vaccination

Discussion Should we destroy the few vials left of smallpox that are kept in the US and Russia BSL4 labs? Should we destroy the few vials left of smallpox that are kept in the US and Russia BSL4 labs? enserelated/biodefense/publicmedia/lab tour/Pages/default.aspx

Flashcards on page 320 Break these words down –Agglutination –Anaphylaxis –Anemia –Basophil –Coagulable –Erythrocyte –Hematocrit –Hematologist –Hematoma –Hemostasis –Hyperglycemia –Leukocyte –Lymphedema –Mononucleosis –Phagocytosis –Splenomegaly –Thrombectomy –Thrombosis