The Era of Realism and Naturalism 조 영지 김 주리 배 하나 송 인선 No. 7

Contents Words Realism Authors Naturalism Summary Reference

Words Capitalism : an economic system based on private ownership of capital coincidence : an event that might have been arranged although it was really accidental fellow : a person that you with or that is like you betray : to hurt somebody who trusts you, especially by not being loyal or faithful to them tragic : make you feel very sad, usually because somebody has died of suffered a lot Stream-of-consciousness : a continuous flow of ideas, thoughts, and feelings as they are experienced by a person aristocrat : a member of the aristocracy

Realism A merican realism was an early 20 th century idea in art, music and literature that showed through these different types of work, reflections of the time period. Whether it was a cultural portrayal, or a scenic view of downtown New York city, these images and works of literature, music, and painting depicted a contemporary view of what was happening: an attempt at defining what was real. In America at the beginning of the 20 th century a new generation of painters, writers and journalists were coming of age.

Naturalism N aturalism was a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. It was depicted as a literary movement that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such movements as Romanticism or surrealism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment. Naturalism is the outgrowth of literary realism, a prominent literary movement in mid-19 th -century France and elsewhere.

Authors William Dean Howell ( ) American realist author and literary critic Nicknamed “The Dean of Letters” known for his tenure as editor of the Atlantic Monthly Works: Modern Instance(1882), The Rise of Silas Lapham(1885) Ambrose Bierce ( ) American editorialist, journalist, short story writer, fabulist, and satirist Nicknamed “Bitter Bierce” Works: An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge(1891), The Devil’s Dictionary(1911)

Stephen Crane ( ) American novelist, short story writer, poet, and journalist wrote notable works in the Realist tradition Works: Maggie: A Girl of the Streets(1893), The Red Badge of Courage Henry James ( ) American-born writer, regarded as one of the key figures of 19 th -century literary realism Works: Roderick Hudson(1876), The Portrait of a Lady(1881)

Summary William Dean Howells ( ) - A Modern Instance -The Rise of Silas Lapham Frank Stockton ( ) -A traveler from Altruria -Through the Eye of the Needle Edward Bellamy ( ) -Looking Backward, Henry James ( ) -The Portrait of a Lady 18 th 20 th 19 th Stephen Crane ( ) -Maggie: A Girl of the Streets -The Red Badge of Courage Harold Frederic ( ) -The Damnation of Theron Ware Hamlin Garland ( ) -Main Travelled Roads Ambrose Bierce ( ) -The Devil’s Dictionary

R eference org/wiki org/wiki An Outline of American Literature