Quiz 1 Q1) Discuss briefly the main phases of the requirement process. Q2)Discuss briefly the main outcome of the Trawling for Requirements phase.

CHAPTER ‘3’ Project Blastoff Dr. Ahmad F. Shubita

Blastoff Deliverables Goal/ Purpose of the project – short, measurable statement The client – who is the product being built for? The customer – who is going to buy the product? The stakeholders – people with interest The users – who is going to operate the product? Constraints – design, time or money Names – terminology Scope of the work – boundaries of project/product Estimated costs – effort, money The risks – risk analysis

Project Blastoff Activities

IceBreaker – Case Study IceBreaker is a case study we’ll use to demonstrate the requirements process. It uses a variety of data to predict exactly when ice will form on roadways, and it uses these predictions to schedule trucks to treat the roads with deicing material (a salt compound) before the roads become dangerous. The IceBreaker case study uses subject matter knowledge from the many weather/ice forecasting and road de-icing systems, and other products produced by Vaisala (U.K.)

Aspects of a Goal Purpose – what does it do? Advantage – business advantage Measurement – how to measure ◦ Feasible – can product achieve measure? ◦ Achievable – can organization build?

Product Purpose Purpose: To accurately forecast freezing times and dispatch de-icing trucks. Advantage: To reduce road accidents by forecasting icy road conditions. Measurement: Accidents attributed to ice shall be no more than 15% of the total number of accidents during winter. Supporting Materials: Thornes, J.E., 1992: Cost- Effective Snow and Ice Control for the Nineties. …

Product Purpose Purpose: To save money on winter road maintenance costs. Advantage: Reduced de-icing and road maintenance costs. Measurement : The cost of de-icing shall be reduced by 25% of the current cost of road treatment, and damage to roads from ice shall be reduced by 50%.

Product Purpose Purpose : To reduce damage to the environment by unnecessary application of de-icing compounds. Measurement: The amount of de-icing chemicals needed to de-ice the council’s roads shall be reduced by 50% Supporting Materials: Thornes, J.E., Salt of the Earth. Surveyor Magazine …

Clients & Customers Client is the person who pays for the development. Customer is the person(s) that pay for the product once it is developed.

Who’s Paying for This? Know the client and your customer Know what they want Understand the customer’s problems Understand the client’s objectives Know what is acceptable and unacceptable to the client and customer

Users Persons who ultimately operate the product In-house products: people that work for your client External products: user & customer usually are the same person

Roles of Users What are the jobs of the people who might use your product? What other roles might people have? Where will people be when using your product? What are the nationalities of the people who might use your product? Are there organizations that might use your product? Other considerations: ◦ People with disabilities ◦ Non-readers ◦ People with reading glasses

Stakeholders & Consultants Management Business Subject Matter Developers Inspectors Legal Professional Bodies Public Opinion Government Special Interest Groups Technical Experts Cultural Interests Adjacent Systems

Requirements Constraints Solutions Constraints ◦ Allowable Designs ◦ Prepackaged Solutions – Commercial off-the-shelf applications ◦ Partner applications Project Constraints ◦ Financial constraints ◦ Time constraints

Naming Terminology is extremely important to a project Example: Weather Station – a collection of hardware capable of collecting and transmitting road temperature, air temperature, humidity and precipitation readings. Weather stations are installed in eight locations in Northumberland.

Setting The Scope Deciding how much work will be done. Should contain the product purpose and other constraints. Also should address the domains of interest is a subject matter area. Sets the Work Scope

Domains of interest – Case Study Roads Weather Scheduling Trucking

196/13/2016 The Role of Adjacent Systems The adjacent systems are those pieces of work that supply your work with information or that receive information and services from your work An adjacent system might be an organization, an individual, a computer system or some other piece of technology, or a combination of any of these.

206/13/2016 Types of Adjacent Systems Active Adjacent Systems: usually humans Independent Adjacent Systems it is some external body to your work, e.g. other company, government department, example: weather station Supportive Adjacent Systems Can be relied onto and behave predictably ( computerized systems), example: thermal mapping supplier.

Adjacent systems - Case Study ◦ Weather forecasting service ◦ Weather station ◦ Map supplier ◦ Road engineering ◦ Truck station

Work Context

The Risks Project related risks Project related risks 1.Inadequate measurement 2.Excessive schedule pressure 3.Inaccurate cost estimating 4.Low quality 5.Low productivity

The Risks Requirements related risks Requirements related risks 1.The absence of clear & measurable purpose for the product 2.Lack of client involvement 3.Lack of stakeholder involvement 4.Little or no agreement on requirements 5.No measurements put on requirements 6.Rapidly changing requirements 7.New or unknown business area with uncertain needs

Go/No-go Decision Is the product Goals/purpose clear? Is it measurable and viable? Is it possible to achieve the objectives of the project? Can you reach agreement on the context of the work? Does the high portability/impact of the risks make the project feasible? Is the cost reasonable for the product’s benefit? Are the stakeholders willing to be involved? Do you have sufficient justification to invest in the project? Do you have enough reasons not to invest in the project? Is there any further investigation that you should do before pressing the button to start the project?