The Islamic World Chapter 12

Bell Ringer February 1, 2016 Explore the Art – Page 381 Explore the Picture – Page What does the artistic scene suggest about the role of Islam in Songhai? 2.What do the thousands of people in the picture appear to be focused around? It was the official religion; it depended on trade; official visits were important The cube shaped structure in the shallow depression near the center of the picture

Page – Reading Social Studies 1.Who is the passage about? 2.What is he known for doing? 3.When did he live? 4.Why did he do what he did? 5.How did he accomplish his task? 6.How can knowing this information help you understand the past? Always ask yourself – Who, What, When, Where, How, Why?

Vocabulary Chapter 12 - Islam

Bell Ringer February 2, 2016 Interpreting Maps – Page Why do you think Arabia is called a “crossroads”? 2.What bodies of water border Arabia to the east and west? It is near the intersection of three continents and trade routes pass through the region East – Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea West – Red Sea

Roots of Islam Chapter 12 Section 1 The Arabian Peninsula lies at the intersection of Europe, Africa, & Asia. The climate has created a band of deserts across Arabia The little amount of water exist in scattered oases. Oases were trade stops along overland trade routes.

Two Ways of Life 1.Nomads: lived in tents and raised sheep, goats, camels. The animals provided milk, meat, wool, leather. Nomads lived in tribes and traveled in search of food & water for their animals. 2.Sedentary Life: people who lived near oases where they farmed. The settlements became towns along trade routes. Some became crafts people and merchants in Caravan Trade.

A New Religion In ancient times, Arabs worshipped many gods Muhammad was born into a wealthy family in Mecca around AD570. As a child, he traveled with his uncle’s caravan. As a young man, he managed a caravan business owned by a wealthy woman named Khadijah – whom he married when he was 25.

Muhammad Meets an Angel When Muhammad was 40 years old, praying in a cave, he said angel came to him (610) The messages he received from the angel form the basis of the religion – Islam – “to submit to God”. Followers of Islam –> Muslims Muslims believe that Muhammad continued to receive messages from God for the rest of his life. These messages were recorded in the Qur'an – the Holy Book of Islam

The Teaching of Islam 613 – Muhammad begins to tell of his messages One God -> Allah Wealthy did not like his message to the poor As Islam became popular – the leaders in Mecca threatened Muhammad’s life Muhammad and followers move to Medina (hegira) where he became a spiritual & political leader -> Islam grew 630 – Mecca surrendered to Islam after years of fighting 632 – Muhammad dies

Essential Question Critical Thinking – Sequencing Draw a time line. Identify the key dates in his life. Mohammed’s Life _______I_________I_____________I______________I____________I Birth hears angel spreads message Mecca->Medina Death

Bell Ringer February 3, 2016 Page 389, Page391 How many years did Muhammad spend spreading his message before he died? Who are keepers of the Qur’an? Where do you think these children are studying the Qur’an? 19 years Those who memorize all of it (page 391) At a religious school or a mosque (page 391)

Islamic Beliefs & Practices Chapter 12 – Section 2 After Muhammad’s death – his followers collected his teachings to form the book known as the Qur’an Central teaching of Qur’an: Only one God-> Allah Muhammad is his prophet People must obey Allah’s commands Muslims learn of these commands from Muhammad Those who obey go to paradise Those who do not obey will suffer

Guidelines in the Qur’an: How to worship Moral behavior What to eat & drink (no pork – no alcohol) Qur’an encourages freedom of slaves & women to get an education, property, & earn money (history proves that Arabians did not obey these commands) Jihad: to struggle – defend Allah’s ways – convert to Islam – also has been interpreted to mean “Holy War”.

The Sunnah The Sunnah is the way Mohammed lived, which provides a model Five Pillars of Islam: five acts of worship 1.Statement of Faith: there is no God by Allah & Muhammad is his prophet 2.Daily Prayer – five times a day 3.Donation to charity 4.Fasting – Holy month of Ramadan 5.The Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca to the Kaaba The Sunnah also gives directions for government and business.

Islamic Law The Qur’an and The Sunnah provide the basis for Islamic or Shariah Law. Under Shariah Law – certain actions are required, some are forbidden It was the basis for laws in Muslim countries until modern times Most Muslim countries blend Islamic law with other legal systems Islamic law is not found in one book but is a set of opinions and writings that have changed over the centuries. Muslims have different opinions on Islamic law

Essential Question

Bell Ringer February 4, 2016 Biography Page 397 – Mehmed II Why do you think Mehmed II encouraged people to move to Istanbul? To establish a Muslim population to support him in the conquered capital What region was at the heart of the Ottoman Empire? Anatolia and Balkans

Growth of an Empire After Muhammed’s death, Abu Bakr was the next leader of Islam He was the first Caliph – highest leader of Islam Early Caliphs were not religious leaders Abu Bakr united Arabia into a unified Muslim state The capital of the Muslim Empire was moved to Damascus by the Umayyad family. The Middle East & North Africa, & Spain were conquered by Muslims

A Mix of Cultures Muslim religion spread to many cultures. Arabic language spread. Trade produced wealth & culture in Muslim cities Baghdad (Iraq) became the capital in 762

Three Muslim Empires 1.Ottoman Empire – Mid 1200s – 1800s Muslim Turkish warriors defeated Byzantine Empire Used trained slave Christian boys making them convert-Janissaries Used gunpowder – cannons Istanbul became the New Capital (Constantinople) Famous leaders: Mehmed II and Suleyman I

Three Muslim Empires 2.Safavid Empire – 1500s – 1700s Shia Muslims – Persian Muslims (present day Iran) Also used slave boys to form a great army Blended Persian cultural traditions with Islam creating beautiful Mosques

Three Muslim Empires 3.Mughal Empire 1500s – 1600s Northern India – Turkish Muslims from Central Asia Emperor Akbar expanded Mughal Empire Tolerant religious policy toward Hindus Known for Architecture – Taj Mahal (tomb 1600s Shah Jahan) Fell apart once tolerant policy ended

Cultural Achievements Astronomy – observatories Geography – Map Making Math – “Hindu-Arabic” number system Medicine – first pharmacy school (Avicennia Medical Book) Philosophy – Literature – Art – One Thousand and One Nights (Sinbad, Aladdin, Ali baba)

Essential Question What are some comparisons and some contrasts of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires? Ottoman & Mughal - Sunni Safavid – Shia All built beautiful architecture – and had Cultural Achievements Ottoman & Safavid used slave boys to Raise armies – not tolerant Mughal - tolerant