Expansion of the Muslim World

Suleiman the Magnificent Q: Who are the four most famous people of the 20th? Hitler Pele Michael Jordan Muhammad Ali Who was the most famous person of the 16th Century? Suleiman - Sultan of Ottoman Turks

The Ottoman Empire 1672

Aim: Why was Suleiman considered to be “Magnificent”? Three faces of Suleiman 1.Suleiman the Lawgiver 2.Suleiman the Conqueror 3.Suleiman the Builder

1) Suleiman the Lawgiver Shari’ah - Islamic law as written in the Koran –All Muslims are to obey Shari’ah law –Muslims follow Shari’ah even before Suleiman Why does Suleiman need to make more laws? –Not all problems are covered by Shari’ah Kanun - entire code of laws independent from Shari’ah –Works by providing analogies

2) Suleiman the Conqueror

Believed the entire world was his gift from God Believes job is to protect Islam –Advances into Europe - Hungary and Vienna gives money to Protestants WHY? –Make sure Europe stays divided Certain areas allowed to keep traditional religion - millets Janissaries - captured Christians, –Advances into traditionally Islamic lands WHY? To make sure people are practicing Orthodox Islam

3) Suleiman the Builder Istanbul becomes center of Islamic civilization Islamic Arts, writing, music flourish

1) What is the connection between this map and the Ottoman Empire? 2) How can current religious conflicts in Europe today be traced to the Ottoman Empire?

Suleiman Pop Quiz 1)In the West Suleyman was known as _______________. Among his own people he was called ______________. 2)Which of the following was not part of Suleyman’s laws. a)Providing trials before imprisoning people b)Merit based promotions c)Ban on death penalty d)Balanced budgets for gov’ts 3)Suleyman took over all of Europe (True of False) 4)Suleyman simplified and limited ____________. 5)Under the ____________ system the sultan’s army drafted Christian boys that became elite soldiers known as _____________. 6)In Ottoman millets people were free to practice their own ___________. 7)Sinan was a master ________ that whose masterpiece is _______________. 8)Due to the flourishing of art and literature the time of Suleyman is compared to the European ________. 9)The arts produced during the Ottoman empire are an excellent example of cultural _________.

Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Turks

The Ottomans were: Turkish Muslim The largest empire in the world (at the time)

Three Ottoman Strengths: What was the source of Ottoman power?

1. Control of Trade Location on the east / west trade route Control of the Waterways

2. Wealth From Trade 3. Superior Technology How Did the Empire End? -Europeans Destroyed The Ottoman Strengths

Ottoman Strength #1: Control of trade. Europeans go around Africa and gaining control of trade.

Ottoman Strength #2: Wealth Discovery of the New World leads to fantastic wealth for Europe.

Ottoman Strength #3: Technology The industrial revolution in Europe surpassed the Ottoman superiority in technology –production of guns and munitions –other products necessary for war.

Ottoman Empire Ends: Three Reasons 1.Nationalism: People ruled by Ottomans want independence –Europeans: Serbs, Croats, Bulgarians, Greeks –Arabs 2.European Imperialism:  Industrial Revolution caused need for raw material  Industries want new markets  Large navies developed to control trade 3.World War I  Ottomans side with Germany and lost war  Ottoman Arab territory taken by victors (Great Britain and France)  Balfour Declaration - Great Britain promise to give the same land to Arabs and Jews.  Turkey becomes an independent Republic