Hebrew, Protestant & Traditional

 1.How Many parts does the Hebrew Old Testament (Tanakh) contains? a)Two b)Three c)Four d)Five e)Six Pre -Test

 2. In the Tanakh, The “Ketuvim” contains: a)Seven groups b)Eleven books c)The Migelloth (The scrolls) d)Poetic books e)All of the above Pre-test

 3.In the Hebrew Tanakh, The Book of Daniel is: a)A book of the Nevi'im (prophets) b)Part of the Megilloth (five book scroll) c)A book of the Ketuvim d)Was canonized at the time of Ezra e)None of the above Pre-Test

 4.The “Tripartite” division of the Tanakh has evidence from: a)Dead Sea Scrolls b)The prologue to the Wisdom of Joshua son of Sirach c)Luke d)All of the above Pre-test

 5.For the Qumran community, their canon included all except: a)Daniel b)The book of Jubilee c)Sirach d)Isaiah e)Esther Pre - Test

 5.The Septuagint canon: a)Is Tripartite, like the Hebrew canon b)Alexandrian canon has 24 books c)Palestinian canon contain 24 books d)Differs from the Masoretic, only in organization of books Pre - Test

 "Canon" is a Greek word meaning "reed," and came to refer to any straight stick that could be used for measuring. This basic meaning was extended to refer to any rule or standard by which things could be compared or judged. Canon

  The original use of the terminology  Canonization of the Biblical books  The differences between the Canon of the Bible and the grammarian canonization of Greek writings  Rabbinic teachings “Canon”

  The council of Yavneh (Jamnia)  No clear picture of how it was developed  It is clear that it was gradual.  The Torah was first to be canonized  Was it Ezra? Canonization of the Tanakh

 Books of the TANAKH TANAH: Translation of the Jewish Pub. Society (JPSV), The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), The New Jerusalem Bible (NJB) The NIV (New International ver.)

 St Athanasius festal letter 39, 4.  Twenty two books: a. Pentateuch = 5 b. Joshua + Judges + Ruth + (Kings x 2) + Chronicles + Ezra & Nehemiah = 7 c. Psalms + Proverbs + Ecclesiastes + Song of songs + Job = 5 d. The twelve + Isaiah + Jeremiah & Baruch & Lamentation & the epistle + Ezekiel + Daniel = 5 Alexandrian Canon

 Canons of the Old Testament

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  Definition  History  Use and meaning  The current attitude Apocrypha

 1.The era of Qumran (3rd century BC-1 St century AD) 2.The era of the Sages until the Masoretic codices (2nd century-8th/ 9th century) 3.The era of the Masoretic codices (9th/10th century-15th century) 4.The era of the printed editions (15th/16th century-21st century) The Development of The Masoretic Bible

 1.The era of Qumran (3rd century BC-1 St century AD): i.All the books of the Bible (except Esther) were found, typically in fragmentary manuscripts, with the books of Genesis, Exodus, Deuteronomy, Isaiah, and Psalms most frequently represented. ii. Some noted that the Qumran material does not always fit into the categories of the previously known witnesses. The Development of The Masoretic Bible

 2.The era of the Sages until the Masoretic codices (2nd century-8th/9th century) Once we enter the era of the Sages, the quality and quantity of variants of the Bible, as known from the prior period, disappear almost entirely. This is due to the fact that the Sages rejected both the Septuagint and the Samaritan text (accepted by the Christians and the Samaritans, respectively), and accepted the proto-Masoretic text-type as their Bible text. The Development of The Masoretic Bible

 3.The era of the Masoretic codices (9th/10th century-15th century) i.Using Book form instead of scrolls ii.Introducing nekudot (vowel points) & te’amim (cantillation marks) from oral tradition to text iii.Introducing the Masorah, an extensive system of notes intended to preserve the written text of the Bible (Masorah Parva and Masorah-Magna) The Development of The Masoretic Bible

 4.The era of the printed editions (15th/16th century-21st century) The fourth era differs from the previous three by the change in medium-from handwritten manuscripts to print the first edition of the Rabbinic Bible (Miqra'ot Gedolot), Venice 1517 (referred to as RB1517), edited by the convert Felix Pratensis for the Christian publisher Daniel Bamberg. The Development of The Masoretic Bible

 The Dead Sea Scrolls and Masoretic Text (MT) Masoretic Text

 The Dead Sea Scrolls and Masoretic Text (MT) The Book of Isiah