Public Housing - Improvement in Quality of Life CONTENTS Lesson 1 Public Housing - Improvement in Quality of Life Public housing to provide affordable living Public housing to meet population explosion Public housing to meet changing society The new generation of public housing in Hong Kong Class activity Debate on Housing Issues in Hong Kong | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life

Public housing to provide affordable living | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to provide affordable living

Public Housing provides affordable living places for the lower middle income portion of the population. In Hong Kong. it is usually constructed by the Hong Kong Housing Authority for non-profit purposes and is rented in a subsidized price. | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to provide affordable living

a public housing estate in Hong Kong built in the 1970s. Wah Fu Estate a public housing estate in Hong Kong built in the 1970s. | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to provide affordable living

Public Housing to meet population explosion | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet population explosion

What happened in the 1940s and 1950s? 1945 1949 1951 1953 | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet population explosion

Cha Kwo Ling Village - a squatter settlement © Raymond Wong How did people live in the 1950s? Cha Kwo Ling Village - a squatter settlement © Raymond Wong | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet population explosion

What did the Government do to help these homeless and lower income [Discussion] What did the Government do to help these homeless and lower income people? | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet population explosion

Formation of the Hong Kong Housing Authority • Beginning in 1954, two government organizations — the Resettlement Department and the former Housing Authority — worked together on public housing projects for nearly 20 years.   • In 1973, a new Housing Authority and a unified Housing Department were established. | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet population explosion

Formation of the Hong Kong Housing Society • The Hong Kong Housing Society is a non-government and non- profit housing organization • It established in 1948 and incorporated by ‘Hong Kong Ordinance Chapter 1059’ in 1951. • The Housing Society provides complementary housing through a number of its own innovative schemes. • As a partner of the Government, the Housing Society builds self- contained homes for the people in need at non-prohibitive rates. | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet population explosion

Public Housing to meet changing society | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet changing society

Mark I Residential Block since 1954 H-shaped Mark I residential blocks | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet changing society

H-shaped Mark I Residential Block Floor Plan © Hong Kong Housing Authority | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet changing society

Narrow corridor | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet population explosion

Domestic unit accommodated a family of 5 | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet population explosion

North Point Estate (demolished) © Hong Kong Housing Authority | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet population explosion

Mark II Residential Block since 1950s Mark II residential blocks resemble the character ‘日’ Wang Tau Hom Estate, Wong Tai Sin | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet population explosion

H-shaped Mark II Residential Block Floor Plan | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet population explosion

Domestic unit Permeable wall tiles | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet changing society

Mark III Residential Block since 1960s Tsz Wan Shan, Wong Tai Sin © Hong Kong Housing Authority | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet changing society

Mark IV Residential Block since 1960s | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet changing society

Tung Tau Estate Block 23, Wong Tai Sin © Hong Kong Housing Authority | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet changing society

Mark V Resettlement Block since 1960s Sau Mau Ping (I) Estate © Hong Kong Housing Authority | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet changing society

Mark VI Resettlement Block since 1960s Pak Tin Estate, Shek Kip Mei © Hong Kong Housing Authority | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet changing society

Twin-tower Residential Block in the 1970s | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet changing society

Mark VI Residential Block since 1960s Countryard Arcade Bus Stop Wah Fu Estate • The buildings were built in slab-shaped and twin- tower residential block design. | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet changing society

[Discussion] What were the historical events, or social and economic changes that triggered the evolution of public housing since 1954? | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - Public Housing to meet changing society

Public Housing in Hong Kong New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Linear arrangement of slab blocks in the 1980s Arrangements for 2 slab blocks | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Arrangements for 3 slab blocks | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Single-loaded Corridor | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Trident style Trident style, three identical arms from one central lift core | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Typical domestic unit model | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Long Ping Estate, trident residential blocks | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Harmony blocks in the 1990s Harmony style, four identical arms from one central lift core | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Kai Yip Estate, old cruciform residential blocks | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Concord blocks in the 1990s Noise from traffic Typical Concord cruciform residential block floor plan Single Aspect Block using Concord modular flats to allow buffer from noise source due to unit orientation | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Typical domestic unit model | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Concord residential block, Wo Ming Court | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Site-specific style in the 2000s The principles of modular flat and site-specific design for public customization in public rental housing: • making the best use of valuable land resources, • substantive improvements to the built environment, • buildability, • cost effectiveness, • user-friendliness, • adopting findings from Resident Surveys | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Modular design 1-2 person flat unit module 1-bedroom flat unit module | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Project Brief Reception Estate for lower Ngau Tau Kok Estate (LNTK) Specific flat mix requirement from LTNK tenants Example: Redevelopment of Upper and Lower Ngau Tau Kok Estate (Source: Hong Kong Housing Authority) | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Micro-climate studies for the redevelopment of Upper Ngau Tau Kok Estate | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

Modular Flat Design for Upper and Lower Ngau Tau Kok Estate Panel Wall Modular Flat Design for Upper and Lower Ngau Tau Kok Estate | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

[Discussion] The redeveloped Upper Ngau Tau Kok Estate: 1 Overall master planning 2 Outdoor open space 3 Universal design of flats for elderly [Discussion] What are the pros and cons of this Modular Flat Design? | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Lesson 1 - New Generations of Public Housing in Hong Kong

[Class activity: Debate on Housing Issues in Hong Kong] Explain rationale and opinions of different stakeholders of housing issue in Hong Kong Refer to the government policy on housing in the worksheet Divide the class into four groups: Representatives of the Housing Authority, Tenants of the PRH flats, Applicants awaiting for the PRH flat allocation and Jury | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life| Class activity: Debate on Housing Issues in Hong Kong

Representatives of the Housing Authority one representing an architect two representing policy makers | Conservation and revitalization of architecture |

Tenants of the PRH flats one representing a low-income retired person one representing a family with increasing household income one representing a family that wish to own their home | Conservation and revitalization of architecture |

Applicants awaiting for the PRH flat allocation one representing a low-income retired person living in a cage home one representing a family of 5 living in a sub-divided unit one representing a person who wants to own his/her own flat but his/her income slightly exceeds the prescribed limit for PRH flat | Conservation and revitalization of architecture |

Jury (the rest of the class) commenting on their points of view from the three groups of stakeholders suggesting what public housing policy should be made | Conservation and revitalization of architecture |

Summary • The Housing Authority aims at providing affordable and pleasant housing to lower and middle income people. • The idea of providing public housing started in the 1950s due to a population boom. • Over the past decades, living quality has been gradually improved in public housing through evolving design for residential blocks. | Public Housing – Improvement in Quality of Life|