Essential Questions (Day 1) 1. Why were both the North and the South so unprepared for war? 2. Initially, what method did both the North and the South use to raise their armies? 3. What advantage did the South have over the North at the beginning of the Civil War?

Essential Questions (Day 2) 1. Of all the methods the northern and southern governments used to finance the war, which was the most effective in raising revenue? 2. What happened to consumer prices during the Civil War? 3. What advantage did the North have over the South at the beginning of the war?

Essential Questions (Day 3) 1. What characteristics helped define the Civil War as the first modern war? 2. Describe the Anaconda plan. 3. Which battle encourage Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

Essential Questions (Day 4) 1. Approximately how many Americans died in the Civil War? 2. Besides providing some soldiers, what was the primary benefit of Union and Confederate conscription laws? 3. At the, amateur armies on both sides fought a bloody battle with forces ultimately prevailing. 4. How did the clash between the Virginia and the Monitor in March 1862 revolutionize naval warfare?

CHAPTER 15 Crucible of Freedom: Civil War,

AP Focus Strengths and weaknesses of each side Civil War strategy, turning point(s) of the war Why the Union fought… preservation or slavery The role of African-Americans (before, during, after) Social consequences of the war Constitutional & political issues Economic impact Results of the Civil War

Civil War Rank Structure (highest to lowest) Officers General Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Major Captain Lieutenant Enlisted Sergeant Major Master Sergeant First Sergeant Sergeant Corporal Private

Elements of the Army Infantry Artillery Cavalry

Small Units of the Army Squad- 16 men Platoon- 32 men Company- 96 men + 3 officers

Large Units of the Army Regiment- 1,000 men Brigade- 2,000- 6,000 men Division- 6, ,000 men Corps- 12, ,000 men Army- 48,000+ men

From Regiment to President: The Structure and Command of Civil War Armies Take the next few minutes to read the handout… answer in complete sentences (you DO NOT have to write the questions). How were Regiments formed? Who typically commanded a Regiment? What was higher, a Brigade or Division? How do you know that? When did the Confederacy adopt the Corps? Does the USA still have a Secretary of War? If so, who is it? (Use your phones!)

Fig. 15-1, p. 429

Mobilizing for War North & South unprepared for war Union army was small 1/3 of Union Officers resigned to join the Confederacy The Confederacy had no… Tax structure Navy Military industry (2 tiny gunpowder factories) Legitimate equipment Complete railroad lines

Mobilizing for War Recruitment and Conscription Volunteers rushed to enlist Local recruiting offices Rallies Apr Confederacy enacts the Conscription Act Conscription- drafting a person in the military Exemptions- occupations, substitutes, “20-Negro Law” “Rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight.” 70-80% Southerners fought (white males)

Mobilizing for War Supply Issues- South South got arms/ammo from: Europe Confiscated from federal armories Dead Union soldiers Until arms factories established Lacked good supplies Impressment Act- confiscate food/slaves from farms/plantations

Mobilizing for War Recruitment Issues- North Enrollment Act of March 1863 (draft) Exemptions for govt. officials, ministers Substitution (pay someone) & commutation (pay out) allowed

Mobilizing for War Financing the war Both governments struggle raising money Legal Tender Act- Lincoln approves printing paper money South prints money too (creates massive inflation [over 9,000%]) Union passes the National Bank Act- establishing a federal bank (again) Huge economic advantage!

Mobilizing for War Political Leadership in Wartime Jefferson Davis (CSA) Military man Hard to work with Tension with vice president: Alexander Stevens Abraham Lincoln (USA) Politician Worked well with both parties Diverse cabinet (Team of Rivals)

Mobilizing for War Describe Stephens’ and Davis’ alternate views on the Confederate Constitution? ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ (Sub section, pg. #) Describe the influence political parties had on both the Confederacy and the Union. Which side fared better and why? ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ (Sub section, pg. #)

Mobilizing for War Securing the Union’s Borders Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus (proof of arrest) Chief Justice Taney rules against Lincoln Lincoln ignores him!

Mobilizing for War Slave states to reject secession Maryland Delaware Kentucky Missouri West Virginia

In Battle, The first modern war, due to… Railroads Mass-produced weapons Joint Army-Navy tactics Iron plated warships Rifled guns and artillery Trench warfare

In Battle, Armies, Weapons, and Strategies Union Advantages 3.5 times the military aged males 90% of Industry 2/3 of railroads Disadvantages Defend long supply lines Less troops on front lines Confederate Advantages Fighting for independence, livelihood Defensive war Slave labor force Better Officers Disadvantages Supply issues (see earlier notes)

Fig. 15-2, p. 434

In Battle, Armies, Weapons, and Strategies (continued…) New technology: Rifle Gatling gun New tactics: Trench warfare Less Cavalry Mission changed to recon and raids Surprise attacks

In Battle, Armies, Weapons, and Strategies (continued…) Anaconda Plan Gen Winfield Scott’s plan Blockade the southern coastline, cut off Mississippi River Cut supply lines, trade

In Battle, Stalemate in the East Read the section on page (7 min) Pay attention to… Key leaders Changes of command Key battles

In Battle, Stalemate in the East Using the map on pg. 436, fill in the chart (chronologically) 1 ________ ________ ________ ________ (Battle) (Union General(s)) (Confederate General(s)) (Who won? Why?) 2 ________ ________ ________ ________ 3 ________ ________ ________ ________ 4 ________ ________ ________ ________ 5 ________ ________ ________ ________ 6 ________ ________ ________ ________ 7 ________ ________ ________ ________

Map 15-1, p. 436

In Battle, The War in the West Ulysses S. Grant wins 3 key battles: Ft. Henry Ft. Donelson The Battle of Shiloh

Map 15-2, p. 437

In Battle, Ironclads and Cruisers: The Naval War March 9, First engagement of “Iron Clads” in history Virginia vs. Monitor- marked the beginning of a shift toward ironclad ships and even submarines

In Battle, Ironclads and Cruisers: The Naval War “Fish”- the first submarine

In Battle, The Diplomatic War Several reasons kept France & Britain from recognizing the Confederacy, what were they?_______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (Sub section, pg. #) What impact did Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation have on Europe’s opinions of the Civil War?________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (Sub section, pg. #) How might the war have differed if the Emancipation Proclamation was never declared?___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ (Sub section, pg. #)