Democracy Develops in England

Main Idea: England began to develop democratic institutions that limited the power of the monarchy. Why It Matters Now: Democratic traditions developed in England have influenced many countries, including the United States. Terms and Names: common law, Magna Carta, due process of law, Parliament, divine right, Glorious Revolution, constitutional monarchy, bill of rights

“Tyrant, murderer and PUBLIC ENEMY!” Who is this man coming to haunt World Studies 9?

No, it’s not who you think…. Who are these men? Which one was the Public Enemy?

Charles I “Public Enemy” Petition of Right Signed, then ignored commitments Dissolved Parliament in 1629 and refused to reconvene it (have it meet again) Parliament passed laws to limit his rule LOST the English Civil War v. Oliver Cromwell and Antiroyalists (Royalists v. Antiroyalists) Executed in 1649 (declared “public enemy”)

King Charles I Controversy over Petition of Right Signed, then ignored commitments Dissolved Parliament in 1629 and refused to reconvene it (have it meet again) Fought and LOST the English Civil War v. Oliver Cromwell and Antiroyalists 2 Sides: Royalists v. Antiroyalists Charles I executed in 1649 (declared “public enemy”)

The English Civil War 1642 - 1651 In 1642, the Royalists held western and northern England, and the Antiroyalists (Parliamentarians) occupied a large area of eastern England. By 1651, after many battles, the Antiroyalists (Parliamentarians) had won control of England and quashed uprisings in Scotland and Ireland.

Oliver Cromwell: Leader of the Antiroyalists

Oliver Cromwell “Lord Protector” Puritan Leader of the _______________ During the __________________ Civil War of 1642. The Antiroyalists were _________________ (victorious / defeated) by the end of the war. -Cromwell named himself LORD PROTECTOR (just like King Charles I who was executed in 1649). -Cromwell died in1658 after having established the Commonwealth of England, dissolving Parliament and angering many British citizens.

III. Establishment of Constitutional Monarchy Cromwell ruled until death in 1658 1660 – Charles II takes throne (Restoration) Parliament kept powers 1685 – King James II, Roman Catholic Parliament offered throne to Protestant daughter, Mary and William of Orange 1689 – Glorious Revolution Constitutional monarchy Bill of Rights

In Class Writing Assessment: How did England transition from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy? Instructions: You will 5 minutes to brainstorm in groups (all resources allowed) 2. You will have 15 minutes to write indivdiually to answer the question. 3. Resource: You may use 1 page of Cornell notes OR other class notes while you write. 4. Try your best! Write a topic sentence and write your ideas clearly. Take a deep breath.

I. Reforms in Medieval England Juries and Common Law King John II – 1215 Magna Carta, nobles wanted political rights Taxes, due process of law 1295 – called nobles and leading citizens, voted on taxes House of Lords and House of Commons

Questions: Why did the nobles want King John to sign the Magna Carta? What are the two branches of Parliament and who can participate in them?

Questions: Why did James I and Charles I need Parliament? What was each side fighting for in the English Civil War? Imagine you live in England in 1649. You have just heard that King Charles I has been executed. What does it make you think about?

II. Parliament Grows Stronger Par. had power over $ and passed laws King James I – divine right, clashed w/ Parliament (religion, $) 1625 – son Charles I Petition of Right Parliament dismissed 1642 – English Civil War Royalists vs. Parliament Puritan Oliver Cromwell won, Charles I executed in 1649

Questions: Why was Charles II asked back to the throne? Why did the British people not want James II to remain king? What advances towards democracy were made under William and Mary?

Magna Carta Excerpts 39. No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned…or exiled or in any way destroyed, nor will we [the king] go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgement of his peers or by the law of the land.

Magna Carta Excerpts 40. To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay, right or justice. 45. We will appoint as justices, constables, sheriffs, or bailiffs only such as knkow the law of the realm and mean to observe it well.