Industrial Revolution

The power of steam  James Watt- developed first modern steam engine in1769  Richard Trevithick- developed first steam engine to power a locomotive in1804

In 1829 the first locomotive carried passengers and freight

Steam was soon used instead of water to power industrial factories

Iron & coal- two major raw materials of modern industry. Great Britain had plenty of both.

Coal Mining  Conditions were unhealthy & dangerous

The Bessemer process  An effective way to make steel  Forced air through iron to burn away carbon and other impurities

Becomes steel which is stronger and more flexible

The Factory System  Women and children operated machines as well as men, but were paid less  Older skilled workers found themselves unemployed

Factory conditions  Dirty, dangerous and unhealthy  Worked 14 hours a day, 6 days a week  Workers had strict rules to follow

Child labor laws  Cotton Factories Regulation Act of 1819 – Age 9 minimum working age and could work 12 hours maximum  Regulation of Child Labor Law of established paid inspectors to enforce laws  Ten Hours Bill of limited working hours to 10 for children/women

Tenement housing  Shabby apartment buildings which were crowded, filthy and unsanitary

Working class childrenWorking class families Women List the ways in which the rise of the factory system affected each of these groups. (3 minimum each category.)