Criminal Justice Unit 4

 Read  Should euthanasia (aka assisted suicide) be legal?

 1. Retribution- punishment on a perso who has violated law and so deserves to be penalized  2. Deterrence- attempt to discourage the criminal activity by issuing strong punishment  3. Incapacitation- either imprisonment or execution, but removing ability to commit further crimes  4. Rehabilitation- attempt to restore offender to a constructive place in society through training or therapy

 Recently there has been a push for restoration to be included in sentencing  Restoration- attempt to repair the damage done to the victim (criminal usually ends up back in society)  What are the positives and negatives of this?

 Read “Comparitive Perspective” on page  Should we use corporal punishment in the US?  What would be the positives/negatives?  See figure 11.1 on page

 Probation  Restitution and Fines  Community Service  Substance Abuse Treatment  House Arrest  Halfway House  Boot Camp  Prison and Jail

 Mandatory sentencing- attempt to create uniform penalties for certain crimes  See picture on page 400  What are the pros/cons of mandatory sentences?  All but 4 states take time off sentence for “good behavior”  See chart on page 402

 Most common sanction handed down  Nearly 60% of adults under correctional supervision are on probation  The threat of going to jail is always looming if they don’t follow order of their probation officer or judge

 Furman vs. Georgia (1972) ruled the death penalty cruel and unusual thereby banning it  States modified trial procedures and made the execution more “humane”  Gregg vs. Georgia (1976) brought the death penalty back  See map on page 407  McClesky vs. Kemp challenged death penalty for it’s racist history. Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that there’s no proof of racism (bottom of 407)

 Listen to 90% of criminal cases  Can impose prison sentences of a year or less  Most result in fines, probation, comm. Service  Called “Assembly Line” justice because there are so many cases

 1700s= corporal punishment  1800s= penitentiary movement  1950s-70s= Rehabilitation and community models  1980s to Present= Incarceration Model  Penology- branch of criminology dealing with management of prisons  Read “Comparitive Perspectives” on

 Maximum Security (35% of inmates), Medium Security (47%), and Minimum (18%) are the classifications  Separate prisons exists for women (Shakopee) as only 6.4% of the prison population is female  In recent years the # of women incarcerated has jumped over 400%. Why?

 Jails are local correctional facilities  Main job is to hold people awaiting trial or people sentenced to less than a year for misdemeanors.

 In ‘72 there were 98 in prison per 100,000 population, today it’s 500 per 100,000  40% of prisoners are black, 35% White, 20% Hispanic  See map on page 454  Which state has the most criminals per capita?  Which has the least?

 Read “Close Up” on page 500

 Inmate Code- values and norms of the prison system  Emphasizes solidarity against staff  Showing weakness or emotion is a no-no  You never “rat” on another inmate  Gangs are becoming more common  Doing Time= a break in your criminal career (the cost of business)  Gleaning=taking advantage of prison to better yourself  Jailing= cutoff from outside world, construct a new life in prison

 Cigarettes tend to be the major currency  Used to buy food, drugs, and sex  Some experts suggest rapes in prison are less about sex than they are about politics and achieving a social heirarchy