Review: Heart Anatomy & Circulation

What are the three circuits of blood flow?

(chamber) Number 1-10 on your paper:

External Heart Anatomy

Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Blood Vessels & Blood Pressure Adapted by H. Goon, North HS, Phoenix, AZ

Blood vessels branch out to reach ALL body cells ( Body Worlds exhibit)

Blood Vessels: The Vascular System 1. transports blood to the tissues, and back to the heart:  Arteries  Arterioles  Capillaries (surround body cells)  Venules  Veins

Comparative Anatomy of the Blood Vessels

2. Blood Vessels: Anatomy Three layers (tunics) a)Tunica externa (adventitia) = fibrous connective tissue b)Tunica media = smooth muscle Controlled by sympathetic nervous system (of the autonomic system) c)Tunica interna = endothelium

3. Characteristics of Blood Vessel Types  Walls of arteries are the thickest  Lumen of veins are larger  [ students, cross out this bullet point ]  Capillary walls: only one cell layer thick; allows for exchanges between blood and tissue

4. capillary beds Slide 11.28a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 11.10

Slide 11.28a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Capillary beds consist of two types of vessels a) Vascular shunt – directly connects an arteriole to a venule Figure 11.10

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings b) True capillaries are exchange vessels  Oxygen and nutrients diffuse from blood to cells  Carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products diffuse from cells into blood Figure 11.10

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings FLASHBACK : Diffusion is the movement of particles from ______ to ______ concentration, ______ the concentration gradient. WORD LIST: lowup highdown high low down

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5. Movement of blood through vessels  Most arterial blood flow is due to the pumping of the heart  Skeletal muscle “milks” blood in veins toward the heart  Veins have valves that prevent the backflow of blood

6. Pulse: 6. Pulse: a pressure wave of blood Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  monitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated Normal: beats per minute

7. Blood Pressure Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings a) is the force of the blood against the walls of the blood vessels; usually refers to arterial pressure (systemic circuit) systolic – pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction diastolic – pressure when ventricles relax NOTE: bp decreases as the distance away from the heart increases

b) Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure “How to” video?

Deflate cuff at Korotkoff’s sound, record systolic pressure Record Diastolic pressure

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Normal blood pressure (bp) systolic: 110–140 mm Hg diastolic: 75–80 mm Hg  Hypotension = low systolic (below 110 mm Hg)  Hypertension= high systolic (above 140 mm Hg)

8. Factors That Affect Blood Pressure a)cardiac output b)total blood volume c)peripheral resistance e.g. elasticity of arterial walls d)blood viscosity (RBCs, proteins)

Slide 11.39b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings e) temperature heat causes vasodilation cold causes vasoconstriction f) chemicals e.g. alcohol, nicotine raise bp g) diet e.g. salts, saturated fat, cholesterol h) age, weight, stress, genetics

9. Control of Blood Pressure Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings a) Neural control  Autonomic nervous system adjustments (sympathetic division) b) Renal control  Regulation by altering blood volume  Renin – causes production of angiotensin II a strong vasoconstrictor

1. What is the name of the top two chambers of the heart? [10] A) atria B) myocardium C) ventricles D) lumens

2. Which of these is NOT like the other? [10] A) capillary B) septum C) vein D) artery

3. What is true about the aorta? [20] A) enters the left ventricle B) divides heart into left & right C) brings blood to the heart D) carries oxygenated blood

4. Which of these helps control when the heart contracts? [20] A) AV valve B) Purkinje fibers C) bundle of His D) sinoatrial node

5. What info does this formula provide? [20] ? = (heart rate) x (stroke volume) A) blood pressure B) RBC count C) electrocardiogram D) cardiac output

6. What is the normal range for pulse? [10] A) bpm B) bpm C) bpm D) bpm

7. What structure separates the left atrium and left ventricle? [30] A) mitral valve B) tricuspid valve C) pacemaker D) pulmonary valve

8. Which layer of a blood vessel contains smooth muscle? [20] A) tunica intima B) tunica media C) tunica externa D) endothelium

9. What circuit are these blood vessels part of? [20] A) systemic circuit B) conduction system C) coronary circuit D) pulmonary circuit

10. What is a characteristic of veins? [20] A) bring blood to the heart B) contain valves C) have a small lumen D) walls lack tunica media

Vital Signs Arterial pulse Blood pressure Respiratory Rate Body Temperature

Diagram of a myocardial infarction (2) of the tip of the anterior wall of the heart (apical infact) after occlusion (1) of a branch of the LCA (left coronary artery)

Diffusion at Capillary Beds Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Note: Note: J Physiol Sci. 2013; 63(5): 319–331. Published online 2013 Jul 4. doi: /s /s Reports that microcirculation is localized in mesentery, and not generally true of all organs and tissues. So, I’m omitting this slide as of 4/15/15

s/heart.htm Slide Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Interactive site for open heart surgery