Visual Organization & Interpretation Unit 4 Module 19

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Presentation transcript:

Visual Organization & Interpretation Unit 4 Module 19 AP Psychology

Perceptual Organization Gestalt: an organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasize humans’ tendencies to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes. Things are not seen as sum of parts but immediately as wholes.

Gestalt Psychology Grouping: Grouping Principles: Proximity Similarity Continuity Closure Connectedness

Proximity: tendency to group nearby figures together

Continuity: tendency to perceive continuous patterns

Closure: tendency to fill in the gaps in visual information.

Similarity: tendency to group figures that are similar

Connectedness: spots, lines and areas are seen as unit when connected

Figure Ground Figure-Ground Relationship: tendency to organize information into objects (figure) that stand out from their background(ground)

Figure Ground Relationship

Depth Perception Depth Perception: Visual Cliff: illustrated that crawling infants and newborns perceive depth.

Perception Visual Capture: refers to the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses.

Illusionary Contours: We constantly filter information so it makes sense to us.

Types of Depth Perception Binocular Cues: Examples of Binocular Cues: Retinal Disparity: idea that images of an object from the two eyes differ. The closer the object, the larger the difference (disparity.) Convergence: extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object that the brain keeps track of to measure distance.

Types of Depth Perception Monocular Cues: distance cues that are available to either eye alone. Often used in art. Examples of Monocular Cues Relative size: smaller image is more distant Interposition: closer object blocks distant object Relative Clarity: hazy object seen as more distant Texture: coarse=close; fine=distant

Types of Depth Perception Examples of Monocular Cues Continued: Relative Height: higher objects seen as more distant Relative Motion: closer objects seem to move faster Linear Perspective: Relative Brightness: Light and Shadow: nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes.

Monocular Cue?

Monocular Cue?

Monocular Cue?

What Cues Do You See?

How many Legs?

MOTION PERCEPTION PHI PHENOMENON:

Stroboscopic movement STROBOSCOPIC MOVEMENT Quick, successive, briefly flashed images as in animated cartoons->

Perceptual Constancy color shape size Perceptual Constancy: perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image color shape size

Interplay Between Perceived Size and Distance Using monocular cues for distance can often cause us to perceive incorrect information.

Muller-Lyer Illusion

INTERPRETATIONS CRITICAL PERIOD IN PERCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT: USE IT OR LOSE IT COLOR AND FIGURE GROUND ARE ALL THAT SEEM TO BE INNATE. Immanual Kant: Perceptual understanding comes from inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences. If there is not exposure, neural connections in the brain will NOT be formed.

Perceptual Adaptation (vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field prism glasses

PERCEPTUAL ILLUSIONS Definition: illusions help us understand the concepts involved in processing, organizing, and interpreting info from senses – example, visuals. SAMPLES FOR YOUR VIEWING PLEASURE!