THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Lets review  angio  -stenosis  -sclerosis  phleb/o  -it is  brady-  cardi/o  -ologist  hem/o  leuk/o  -penia  ather/o  arter/o  endo-

The Circulatory System: Consists of 4 main parts: - The Heart (the pump) - Vessels (the pipes) - Blood (the fluid) - Lymphatic System (auxillary fluid

Anatomy and Physiology of The Heart  Is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the body  Each day it pumps approx. 4,000 gallons of blood

 The heart pumps blood through the body at the rate of 40 MPH  Blood is pumped through 70,000 miles of blood vessels HEART PUMPS

 The heart averages about 72 beats per minute  The heart beats approx. 100,000 times a day HEART BEAT

HEART MUSCLE Systolic Phase: Diastolic Phase:

Location of the Heart  The heart is the size of a clenched fist located behind the sternum between the lungs  2/3rds of the heart is located on the left side of the chest

Tissue Layers of the Heart  Endocardium Smooth layer of cells lining the inside of the heart and forming the valves  Myocardium The thickest layer, consisting of muscle tissue  Pericardium Double membrane that covers the outside of the heart, providing lubrication between the heart and surrounding structures to prevent tissue damage

Heart muscles are constructed of several different layers of muscles HEART MUSCLES

External Parts of the Heart  The outer wall of the heart is covered with a sac called the pericardium.  The sac is filled with fluid which reduces friction as the heart beats.

Myocardium This muscular layer of the heart is firm and gives the heart structure.

Myocardium

Endocardium  This muscular layer of the heart lines the inner surface of the heart.

 The heart is made up of 4 chambers :  - right atrium  - right ventricle  - left atrium  - left ventricle  With a divider down the center called the septum HEART CHAMBERS

Chambers are separated by one way valves

Tricuspid Valve  Between the right atrium and right ventricle

These valves only open when the heart contracts

Bicuspid or Mitral Valve  Is between the left atrium and left ventricle

Bicuspid / Mitral Valve

Circulation  The flow of blood Systemic Circulation Pulmonary Circulation  Together these systems allow blood to bring oxygen to the cells and to remove waste products

Systemic Circulation  Includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs Oxygenated blood flows out of the heart from the left ventricle into arterial circulation Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the veins and flows into the right atrium

Pulmonary Circulation  The flow of blood between the heart and lungs Deoxygenated blood flows out of the heart from the right ventricle, through the pulmonary arteries and into the lungs.  This is the only place in the body where arteries carry oxygen poor blood. In the lungs, carbon dioxide from the body is exchanged for oxygen from the inhaled air. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood into the left atrium of the heart.  This is the only place in the body where veins carry oxygen rich blood

Pathway of Blood through the Heart

 Blood enters the Vena Cava (largest vein carrying blood from the body back to the heart)  Right Atrium – Contracts  Tricuspid Valve  Right Ventricle – Contracts  Pulmonary Artery (deoxygenated blood)  Lungs (pick ups oxygen)  Pulmonary Veins  Left Atrium – Contracts  Bicuspid/Mitral Valve  Left Ventricle – Contracts  Aorta (largest artery carrying blood away from the heart to the body) REVIEW

Structure and Function Functions of the cardiovascular system Transports nutrients and oxygen to the body Transports waste products from the cells to the kidneys for excretion Distributes hormones and antibodies throughout the body Helps control body temperature and maintain electrolyte balance

Blood Vessels  Arteries Carry blood away from the heart Oxygen rich except the pulmonary artery  Veins Carry blood back to the heart Oxygen poor, except the pulmonary vein  Capillaries Microscopic vessels that carry blood between the arterial and venous vessels

Blood Cells  Erythrocytes Red blood cells Carry oxygen Hemoglobin  Iron containing pigment of the RBC that transports oxygen  Leukocytes White blood cells Neutrophills, esonphills, basophills, lymphocytes monocytes

Thrombocytes  Platelets smallest of blood cells  Aid in clotting

Know this diagram

Disorders of the Cardiovascular System  Aneurysm An area of a blood vessel that bulges because of a weakness in the wall  Anemia Aplastic –absence of allformed blood cells Hemolytic-RCB are destroyed rapidly Megaloblastic - larger then normal cells Pernicious – can’t absorb vit B 12 normally Sickle cell – s shaped or sickel shaped

Diseases and Disorders  megablastic anemia  atrial fibrillation  deep vein thrombosis  myelodysplastic syndrome  congestive heart failure  MI  Septicemia  Embolism

Medications  antiiarrhythmic  Ace Inhibitor  tissue plasminogen activator  antihypertensives  beta-blocker  calcium channel blockers  diuretics 

We only get one heart. Treat it wisely!

Student Workbook Learning Exercises Answer Key © 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Chapter 5 Answers Matching Word Parts aort/o 5.2. arteri/o 5.3. ather/o 5.4. angi/o 5.5. brady- Matching Word Parts emia 5.7. cardi/o crasia 5.9. erythr/o ven/o

Chapter 5 Answers Matching Word Parts leuk/o phleb/o tachy thromb/o hem/o Definitions leukocytes sinoatrial node coronary arteries eosinophils mitral

Chapter 5 Answers Definitions right ventricle thrombocytes embolus left ventricle neutrophils Matching Structures heart myocardium epicardium endocardium pericardium

Chapter 5 Answers Which Word? lipoprotein cholesterol bradycardia ventricular systolic duplex ultrasound Spelling Counts aneurysm hypoperfusion arrhythmia Raynaud’s cardioverter

Chapter 5 Answers Abbreviation Identification coronary artery disease electrocardiogram hemoglobin myocardial infarction ventricular fibrillation Term Selection septicemia beta-blocker megaloblastic antihypertensive endocarditis

Chapter 5 Answers Sentence Completion serum thrombocytopenia carotid endarterectomy valvular prolapse nitroglycerin Word Surgery aneurysm/o, -rrhaphy a-, plast -ic electr/o cardi/o, -graphy poly-, arter, -itis valv/o, -plasty

Chapter 5 Answers True/False False True True False True Clinical Conditions hemangioma thrombosis varicose angina orthostatic hypotension

Chapter 5 Answers Clinical Conditions myelodysplastic syndrome electrocardiogram cardiopulmonary resuscitation thrombolytic ischemic Which Is the Correct Medical Term? atheroma hemostasis phlebitis dyscrasia aneurysmectomy

Chapter 5 Answers Challenge Word Building arteritis angiectomy phlebostenosis pericardiectomy cardiorrhaphy phleborrhexis angiorrhaphy cardiorrhexis pericardiorrhaph y angionecrosis

Chapter 5 Answers Labeling Exercises vena cava atrium ventricle artery veins semilunar tricuspid aorta aortic mitral