Chapter 21.2 Rise of the Cities Many challenges: Pollution, health problems, crime, increasing population. Detroit Los Angeles

Focus Q: March 28 Read “London Fog” on page 667. How are cities different today and also the same?

Focus Q What will be the indicators that YOUR standard of living is improving? Think: food, lodging, clothing, transportation, savings, vacations, etc. See page 671 for definition

What will we learn? 1.We figure out how to fight some diseases. TB, yellow fever, cholera… 2.Cities get big and nasty, but we try to find ways to make them better……fires help.

Why is this important? 1.When we learn about “germ theory” and vaccines, we can do something about preventing some diseases. 2.Altering the structure of cities: clean H2O, sewers helps combat disease too. 3.Progress is slow, expensive. What improvements are you willing to pay for? Who benefits the most?

Population Rises Fast Why does Europe's population more than double from ? Not b/c of larger families—that decreased 1.**Better nutrition—more food, better distribution 2.Medical advances 3.Better Public sanitation**

Where does sewage go?

Fight Against Disease 1.Germ theory: microbes (microscopic organisms) caused some infectious diseases 2.Most doctors didn’t buy this idea

Fight Against Disease 1.Louis Pasteur ( )—French chemist 2.**1870 shows link btwn microbes and disease** 3.Develops vaccines for rabies, anthrax 4.Pasteurization: heating milk to kill disease causing microbes (germs), but not all microbes

Vaccines often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe Flu, diphtheria, measles, pertussis (whooping cough), rabies, anthrax

Fight Against Disease 1.**1880s, Robert Koch ( ) identifies the bacteria that caused tuberculosis (TB)** TB killed 30 million in the 1800s, 1.6 M in 2005 Didn’t find the cure though , yellow fever and malaria carried by germs in mosquitos 3.As people understand more about germs they bathe and change clothes more

Hospitals Are Dangerous s—anesthesia allows doctors to experiment w/ surgeries—Dentist Horace Wells, 1845, nitrous oxide, later ether and chloroform 2.Hospitals are dark places w/dirty instruments 3.Often a patient would survive the surgery and die of infection 4.Wealthy people insisted on care in their homes

Joseph Lister English surgeon 2.**discovers how antiseptics could be used on surgical instruments to prevent infection**

City Landscapes Change 1.the early growth of cities was very chaotic— growth was unplanned 2.**Urban renewal—rebuilding of poor areas of a city** 3.Tear down slums, build wide blvds, massive public buildings: courthouses, theaters, parks, Comerica Park, Dodger Stadium 4.Displaces poor people—where will they live?

The clearing of Chavez Ravine

Dodger Stadium, Los Angeles

Why does this look like a “planned” city? Chicago

How is Detroit different?

Examples of Urban Renewal Fountain in Central Park, NYC Comerica Park, Detroit

The best medicine…… Whenever your ex says, "You'll never find someone like me," the answer to that is, "That's the point." An old teacher asked her student, "If I say, 'I am beautiful,' which tense is that?" The student replied, "It is obviously past." Girl: "Girls are better than boys." Boy: "Then why did God make boys first?" Girl: "Duh, you have to have a rough draft before the final copy."

Bob was in trouble. He forgot his wedding anniversary. His wife was really angry. She told him "Tomorrow morning, I expect to find a gift in the driveway that goes from 0 to 200 in 6 seconds AND IT BETTER BE THERE!" The next morning he got up early and left for work. When his wife woke up, she looked out the window and sure enough there was a box gift-wrapped in the middle of the driveway. Confused, the wife put on her robe and ran out to the driveway, brought the box back in the house. She opened it and found a brand new bathroom scale. Bob has been missing since Friday.

City Landscapes Change 1.In the US, mostly, the poor live in the city center, close to factories and work 2.Rich live on the outskirts of town 3.Trolleys, electric streetcars allow people to live in one section of town and work in another

Detroit, 1890s Electric and horse-drawn street cars

City Improvements 1.sidewalks, paved streets 2.Gas lamps, electric street lights 3.Police and fire depts. 4.Sewer systems, water departments 5.Chlorination and filtration 6.skyscrapers

Home Insurance Bldg. (1884) Chicago, IL 1 st skyscraper 10 stories, 2 added later

Slum Were Horrible Read primary source on page 669 by Jacob Riis, “How the Other Half Lives.” 1.What are some specific examples of the characteristics of poor living conditions?

Mulberry Bend NYC

7-cent lodging house, NYC

Standard of Living 1.**the quality and quantity of necessities and comforts in a society** 2.Lots of inequities 3.Unskilled make less than skilled, women less than men, etc. 4.Overall, the standard of living did rise for workers in the 1800s

21.2 Creative side Draw a picture of 2 problems that city- dwellers faced Include a slogan for each picture