Identifying Verb Tenses

The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action or the state of being expressed by the verb. Every verb in English has six tenses. These tenses are formed from the four principle parts of a verb. The principle parts are listed below.

The principle parts are listed below. present present participle (add –ing) past past participle (add –d or -ed or –n or –en)

Look at the handout with the principle parts.

burst never busted never bursted

cost The book cost me several dollars. never costed

never “brung” never “have brung” I brought my books to class. never “brang” never “brung” never “have brung”

The problem with lay and lie. to lay (to place upon) — must have an object for this to happen to lay laying laid has/have laid

The problem with lay and lie. to lie (to rest in a reclined position) — does NOT have an object after it lie lying lay has/have lain

The problem with lay and lie. to lie (not telling the truth) — does not usually have an object after it lie lying lied has/have lied Remember: repeating something that is only partially true is still a lie

Groups 3 and 4 words —watch for the –n on the ends of words

Group 5 When u are drunk you need help! (a helping verb)

I have swum the river. I have sung the song. I have rung the bell. I have begun reading the book. I have drunk milk all of my life. The blouse has shrunk. The ball has sunk to the bottom of the pool.

Practice using the principal parts— --handout (old grammar book) --workbook pages

Listing all of the forms of a verb according to tense is called conjugation. How to form the six tenses— Present tense: base form Past tense: add –d or -ed to regular verbs Future tense: will or shall + base form Present perfect : have or has + past participle Past perfect : had + past participle Future perfect : will have + past participle shall have + past participle

Present past future Present perfect past perfect future perfect to jump to run to sing Present perfect past perfect future perfect (has or have + past participle) (had + past participle) (will + have + past participle)

Practice with the exercise at the bottom of the handout. Practice with the regular and perfect tenses: --handout (old workbook pp. 80-81) (back of the handout)

The Cardinals have won every game to date. Pg. 154 from Heath Grammar Label the verb tense. The Cardinals have won every game to date. I discovered that Frank broke the stereo. Marie works at the hospital. In September our new gym will open.

I practiced my serve all last week. Pg. 154 from Heath Grammar Label the verb tense. I practiced my serve all last week. Since last summer I have wanted to own a car. We had lived in Oklahoma for three years before we moved to Texas.

8. Yesterday, I learned that Sue had won the contest. Pg. 154 from Heath Grammar Label the verb tense. 8. Yesterday, I learned that Sue had won the contest. Tomorrow I will begin a new job. My uncle has owned a boat for ten years now.

Each tense also has a progressive form , which expresses continuing action or state of being. This progressive form is created with the appropriate tense of be plus the present participle (the –ing form). Remember this — progressive = a form of be + -ing

present progressive: am, is, are walking past progressive: was, were walking future progressive: will be walking present perfect progressive: has been walking have been walking past perfect progressive: had been walking future perfect progressive: will have been walking

REMEMBER!!!--- a form of be + -ing present progressive past progressive future progressive present perfect (has,have) past perfect (had) future perfect (have) progressive (be + ing) progressive (be + ing) progressive (be + ing)

Make flashcards Future will + verb shall + verb

Present perfect (sing.) has + verb he, she, it (plural) have + verb they

Past perfect had + verb

Progressive form of be + ing be + ing been + ing

Present progressive form of be + -ing (sing.) is + verb he, she, it am + verb (plural) are + verb they

Past progressive form of be + -ing (sing.) was + verb he, she, it (plural) were + verb they

A hummingbird has been hovering near the red blossoms. Practice: A hummingbird has been hovering near the red blossoms. Soon the monarch butterfly will be migrating to Mexico. The starlings are all sitting on the telephone wires.

Practice with the progressive forms: --handout (old workbook pg. 82) (bottom of the handout) More practice with progressive forms: --back of the handout (top only) More practice: workbook page 176

Bottom of handout: pres. perf. prog. 6. past. prog. future prog. 7. pres. prog. pres. prog. 8. pres. perf. prog. 4. past perf. prog. 9. future prog. 5. future perf. prog. 10. past prog.

Back of handout (top): future prog. 6. past. perf. prog. pres. prog. 7. pres. prog. future perf. prog. 8. pres. perf. prog. 4. past perf. prog. 9. past perf. prog. 5. past. prog. 10. future perf. prog.

will have practiced future perfect feels present will succeed future Pg. 176—answers took past will have practiced future perfect feels present will succeed future had arrived past perfect has visited pres. perfect will be calling future progressive have talked pres. perfect will be future believed past

had been preparing past perf. prog. watches present shall have been employed…fut perf. prog. will be future is paying pres. progressive has gotten pres. perfect will reach future had given past perfect has barked present perfect will have saved future perfect

Only the present and the past tenses have another form called the emphatic form. This form is used to show emphasis. It is created by using do, does, or did plus the base form of a verb.

Present emphatic: do, does Past emphatic: did do walk does walk did walk

Present emphatic (sing.) does + verb he, she, it (plural) do + verb they

Past emphatic did + verb

Practice identifying progressive and emphatic forms: --handout: pg. 74 from old Heath workbook (green) (back of handout: the bottom exercise)

Mixed practice: workbook pages quizzes Make flashcards to help with practices

Knowing Which Tense to Use

Present Perfect– for a past action that continues now To show an action happened in the past BUT has continued into the present. Example: I have lived in Mississippi for ten years. (started in the past but continues today)

Past Perfect—for two past events To show when one event happened before another event. Example: When I saw you yesterday, I had lost my keys. 2nd event 1st event

Do not use would have for had. Special Note: Do not use would have for had. Do not use would of, could of, or should of. Instead use would have, could have, should have Example: If Martha would have come earlier, she would of seen me. If Martha would have come earlier, she would have seen me. If Martha had come earlier, she would have seen me.

Future Perfect—for two future actions To show one action will happen BEFORE another action will happen. Example: By the end of the year, you will have studied Julius Caesar. (future time) (future action)

Knowing when to use the perfect tenses: SATP workbook pg. 308-309 (handout)

Mixed practice: --workbook pp. 176-177

Answers from the mixed practice quiz: Was studying Will be going Had seen Had been worrying are

Will eat Were planning Have caused Am liking Will have taken

To run (past) To walk (future progressive) To ride (past perfect progressive) To laugh (past perfect)

To study (present progressive) To write (past progressive) To work (present perfect progressive) To dance (future perfect)

19. To learn (future perfect progressive) 20. To drink (present perfect)