Imperialism in Asia Japan and China

Japan had closed its doors to the world in the 1600s Japan

In 1853, the U.S. opened Japan to trade Commodore Perry threatened to bomb the Japanese if they did not agree to trade As trade increased, Japan became a strong industrialized nation. Japanese admire gifts brought by U.S. Commodore Perry The “Opening” of Japan

The Meiji Restoration Tokugawa Shogunate overthrown by imperial forces Emperor Mutsuhito ruled 1867 – 1912 Modernization New constitution Japanese Emperor Mutsuhito

Japanese Industrialization Quickly industrialized Developed modern communication and transportation Had a large population and capital; lacked natural resources Looked to other nations for raw materials and markets

A Japanese print depicting Japan's naval victory in the Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War 1904–1905 Japan and Russia fought for control of Manchuria Japan won easily; Russia was humiliated

Axis rally in Tokyo, 1937 Japanese Empire-Building, 1910– – Annexed Korea Seized territory in China during World War I Conquered Manchuria in 1931 Invaded China in 1937

In the 1700s, China enjoyed a favorable balance of trade. China

The Power of Opium By 1779, the British East India Company was importing opium into China Within a generation, opium addiction in China became widespread China outlawed Opium Mandarin with Opium Pipe

China and Britain Clash over Opium Chinese unloading opium from a British ship In 1839, a Chinese official demanded that the opium trade in Guangzhou (Canton) stop. The British refused, and war ensued.

The British navy attacks The Opium War: 1839–1842

The Treaty of Nanjing Britain gained Control of Hong Kong The right to trade in five major cities Extraterritoriality The legalization of opium in China The signing of the Treaty of Nanjing aboard the British ship Cornwallis

Treaty Ports

U.S. Secretary of State John Hay Turmoil in China “Spheres of influence” “Open Door” policy formulated by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay No nations formally accepted Hay’s proposal, but they didn’t counter the Open Door policy’s provisions either The Open Door Policy

American, Japanese, and British troops storming Beijing The Boxer Rebellion, 1899

Signing of the Boxer Protocol China was forced to sign the Boxer Protocol Required to pay damages to Europeans Forced to allow foreign soldiers to live in Beijing The Boxer Protocol

Nationalism increased in China as groups fought to not only rid China of foreigners, but to end centuries of imperial rule. Chinese Nationalism