Population Ecology

Population Characteristics: Density and Distribution POPULATION DENSITY is the amount of animals per a certain unit area Distribution is the pattern as to how those animals are spaced within such an area These are known as types of DISPERSION

Monday Morning/Ending Review: Review of Carbon Cycle/ Phosphorous As amusing as the video is… Phosphorous is where? Nitrogen is where? Carbon is where? Water is where?

Dispersion Types Uniform: Is like the way bear territories are spaced. Evenly and consistent with each other Clumped: Seen in Buffalo, this spacing is in groups or herds Random: Seen in deer, this spacing has no particular pattern except that this patternless distribution is occurring throughout an area

Tolerance Ranges and Populations Also known as a POPULATION RANGE this is the extent to which a population of a species (who contains the same or similar adaptations) can live and where they can not based on what the different habitats limit and allow to live

Population Limiting Factors Density Dependent Factors: involve biotic factors such as predation, likelihood of contracting disease, parasites, competition over a common resource (think hurricane sandy caused people to need clean water; fought over in many areas that had too many people trying to shop in grocery stores) If the likelihood of something increases with the increased size of a species then that effect is density dependent Disease, Competition, Parasites Density Independent Factors: usually involve abiotic factors that effect/ limit the growth of a species (does not depend on inherent competition. Etc between the same species in the same environment)

Population Limiting Factors Any human limiting resources?? Besides the water example??

Population Limiting Factors

Density Dependent and Independent Factors

Population Growth Rate R vs S Population Growth Rate: This involves natality – mortality and immigration – emigration Natality is the birth rate of a population where mortality is the death rate Amount born – dead Emigration is the rate of animals leaving a population where immigration is joining it Amount Joined – Left ALL THIS CONTRIBUTES TO GROWTH RATE

Population Growth Rate R vs S Population Growth Rate: The exponential growth rate has a LAG and EXPONENTIAL GROWTH PHASE SAME WITH THE LOGISTIC BUT THERE IS A LIMITING FACTOR THAT CAUSES THE GROWTH THE SLOW and plateau at the CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT R selected species vs K selected species

R vs K selection R selected species: put all energy into immediate growth, have many offspring, short life spans etc Rapid Growth: MICE K selected species: put energy into long term investment to endure long passing times, has a few offspring, because long life spans, deplete resources/ run out of what the environment can offer and starts not being able to grow Slow Growth/ Long term growth: TREES

R vs K selection other example

??? Growth For??

Trends in Human Population Growth

So What Does These Diagrams Mean?

Possible Problem?

We are outgrowing the amount of resources that we need to sustain us, as a result lots of research is invested these days in renewable energy, 3d printing buildings, also on mars possibly etc.

Shown at maker fair 2015 Solar Roadways

Biodiversity Is based off the amount of different animal species/types in a given area (the variety)

Types of Diversity Genetic Diversity: Different variety of genetics Species Diversity: Different variety of species (example of both)

Summary

Types of Diversity Continued Ecosystem Diversity: Is the variety of ecosystems present Thus that is all the biospheres that are on the planet (que the absolutely awful rap video) c&hsimp=yhs-ddc_bd&type=bl-bcr- is__alt__ddc_dss_bd_com&p=biomes+cool+vide o

Summary Importance of biodiversity Resistance to disease, and higher chances of gaining better/ more different attributes than you already have in your family bloodline Odell is the son of LSU running back (Dad) and Track star (Mom) thus has both athletic genes

Economic Value Farming crops and need for it in terms of genetics and the controversial issue about GMOS

Pros and Cons? If not farming, GMOS for resistance to deer for instance is great in use for aesthetic landscapes. Also certain modifications allow plants to be able to take a harder beating and still be ok and survive or for chefs to get unique taste GMO HW Look up a Google image that describes the controversy and explain what it argues. Why would this be bad for you? Why might it not be so bad? (or DRAW AND COLOR COLOR IS NEEDED YOUR OWN)

Threats to Biodiversity: Results from them Background Extinction Species gradually goes extinct overtime Mass Extinctions Large amount of species die off in a quick timeframe and go extinct much quicker

Threats to Biodiversity Natural Resources: and the overexploitation of them Pollution, Acid Rain, Invasive Species, Eutrophication Destruction of Habitat or Disruption of habitat: effects biodiversity, thus pond systems for example seasonally increase and decrease in biodiversity, WHY?

Overexploitation

Habitat Destruction/Disruption

Pollution and Biological Magnification Pollution: is pretty self explanatory, the result is less obvious Biological Magnification: Is the increasing concentrations of toxins consumed by the next trophic level (meaning primary prod, primary consumer, secondary consumer, etc)

Acid Rain

Induced/Invasive Species

Eutrophication

Conserving Biodiversity