Northern Europe History of using the sea for life and conquest Great Britain-Celtics Denmark, Norway, and Sweden- Vikings The Vikings conquered parts of Britain, Iceland, Greenland, and North America In 1006, William the Conqueror of Normandy conquered England

United Kingdom

Flag of the U.K.

Magna Carta, 1215 a King John I forced to accept it. a A list of demands made by the nobility. a Created a CONTRACT between the king and the aristocracy. a Established principles which limited the power of the king:  Established basic legal rights.  The king must ask for popular consent for taxes.  Accused must have jury trial.

Model Parliament, 1295 a King Edward I brought his military leaders and nobility together as a Parliament to ask their consent to new taxes. a Established the principle of parliamentary “power of the purse.” a A radical new idea for any monarch to ask for anything!

English Bill of Rights [ 1689 ] a It settled all of the major issues between King & Parliament. a It served as a model for the U. S. Bill of Rights. a It also formed a base for the steady expansion of civil liberties in the 18 c and early 19 c in England.

English Bill of Rights [ 1689 ] a Main provisions: 1. The King could not suspend the operation of laws. 2. The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice. 3. No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent. 4. Freedom of speech in Parliament. 5. Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently. 6. Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment. 7. The monarch must be a Protestant. 8. Freedom from arbitrary arrest. 9. Censorship of the press was dropped. 10. Religious toleration.

Great Britain How did England become the United Kingdom? English first conquered Wales, Ireland, and Scotland Became known as the United Kingdom Britain’s geographic location protected it from its enemies and allowed the British to create a strong country

British Empire At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922, the British Empire held sway over a population of about 458 million people, one-quarter of the world's population India, United States, Australia, Canada, Jamica, Egypt, Africa

Conquest British East India Company founded Britsh rule in India. This Company was granted an English Royal Chartertraded mainly in cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, tea, and opium.

Map of British Empire

World War I & II Major player in both conflicts Majority of cities damaged or destroyed in WW II Thousands of British citizens and soldiers killed in both conflicts Weakened England’s ability to govern their territories aboard, many territories gained their independence

European Union All northern countries of Europe are part of the European Union England joined the EU in 1973

Issues Today Northern Ireland- conflict between Catholics and Protestants European Union War on Terror