Adjectives & Adverbs

Adjectives- Is used to describe a a noun and a pronoun Is used to describe a a noun and a pronoun Modify- means to change slightly Modify- means to change slightly Adjectives are modifiers because they slightly change the meaning of the noun or pronoun Adjectives are modifiers because they slightly change the meaning of the noun or pronoun

Adjectives can come Usually come before the noun but can come after the noun Usually come before the noun but can come after the noun Ex. The legal system, serious and complex, fascinated her. Ex. The legal system, serious and complex, fascinated her.

Predicate Adjectives Is an adjective that follows a linking verb and tells us about the subject Is an adjective that follows a linking verb and tells us about the subject Ex. The judge seemed kind and understanding Ex. The judge seemed kind and understanding She was quiet and thoughtful. She was quiet and thoughtful.

Sometimes adjectives come before pronouns Tall and elegant, she walked into the room. Tall and elegant, she walked into the room. Look at the following passage, identify the predicate adjectives and the adjectives that come before nouns, Look at the following passage, identify the predicate adjectives and the adjectives that come before nouns,

Predicate Adj or Noun Used as an adj? The knees of a camel look tough and thick. The knees of a camel look tough and thick. Street cleaners are working near our apartment building. Street cleaners are working near our apartment building. Deer are usually swift. Deer are usually swift. Winter winds in Chicago are very severe. Winter winds in Chicago are very severe.

Answers Predicate Adjectives- Predicate Adjectives- Tough and thick describe knees using the linking verb look Tough and thick describe knees using the linking verb look Swift describe deer using the linking verb are Swift describe deer using the linking verb are

Nouns used as adjectives Nouns used as adjectives Street is a noun that describes cleaners Street is a noun that describes cleaners Winter is a noun that describes another noun, winds Winter is a noun that describes another noun, winds

Articles Three commonly used adjectives Three commonly used adjectives A- indefinite article A- indefinite article An- indefinite article An- indefinite article The-definite article The-definite article

Articles used as adjectives The-refers to a specific person, place, The-refers to a specific person, place, or thing or thing A-is used before consonant sounds An- is used before vowel sounds

Nouns used as adjectives When a noun is used an adjective, it comes before another noun and answers the question What kind? or Which one? When a noun is used an adjective, it comes before another noun and answers the question What kind? or Which one? Ex. Congress is made up of two government houses. Ex. Congress is made up of two government houses.

Proper Adjectives Proper nouns used as adjectives or an adjective formed from a proper noun Proper nouns used as adjectives or an adjective formed from a proper noun Elizabeth-Elizabethan Literature Elizabeth-Elizabethan Literature Boston-Bostonian Architecture Boston-Bostonian Architecture When a proper noun is used as an adjective, its form does not change. When a proper noun is used as an adjective, its form does not change. Ex. Arizona desert Tuesday morning Tuesday morning

Compound Adjectives Adjective made up of more than one word Adjective made up of more than one word Most are written as hyphenated words but Most are written as hyphenated words but Sometimes they are written as combined words Sometimes they are written as combined words Ex. one-sided opinion heartbreaking news Ex. one-sided opinion heartbreaking news So-called expert nearsighted witness So-called expert nearsighted witness

Pronouns used as Adjectives A pronoun is used as an adjective if it modifies a noun A pronoun is used as an adjective if it modifies a noun 4 Kinds of pronouns used as adjectives are : Personal, demonstrative, Interrogative, Indefinite

Possessive Adjectives Some personal pronouns are said to be possessive adjectives because they show ownership: Some personal pronouns are said to be possessive adjectives because they show ownership: My, your, his, her, its, our, and their My, your, his, her, its, our, and their If they have antecedents they are pronouns, if they answer the question Which one? they are also adjectives If they have antecedents they are pronouns, if they answer the question Which one? they are also adjectives

Example The President is preparing his state- of- the- union message. The President is preparing his state- of- the- union message. His is an adjective modifying the noun message, his is also a pronoun because it has an antecedent President His is an adjective modifying the noun message, his is also a pronoun because it has an antecedent President So it is said to be a possessive adjective So it is said to be a possessive adjective

Demonstrative Adjective This, That, These, and Those This, That, These, and Those If they modify a noun they are used as an adjective. If they modify a noun they are used as an adjective. Example-I saw this. (this is used as a pronoun) Example-I saw this. (this is used as a pronoun) I “ll vote on this issue. (this is used as an adjective because it modifies the noun issue) I “ll vote on this issue. (this is used as an adjective because it modifies the noun issue)

Interrogative Adjective Which, what, and Whose Which, what, and Whose What did he want? (Pronoun) What did he want? (Pronoun) What sentence did he give? (Adjective) What sentence did he give? (Adjective)

Indefinite Adjectives Both, Few, Many, Most, Each, All, etc. Both, Few, Many, Most, Each, All, etc. I bought one of each. (Pronoun) I bought one of each. (Pronoun) Each judge writes an opinion. (Adjective) Each judge writes an opinion. (Adjective)

Adverbs -Modify verbs, Adjectives, or other Adverbs -Modify verbs, Adjectives, or other Adverbs When an adverb modifies an adjective, it answers the question To what extent? When an adverb modifies an adjective, it answers the question To what extent? Unusually rich not sad almost right Unusually rich not sad almost right

Adverbs Many adverbs end in ly although there are many that do not Many adverbs end in ly although there are many that do not Not and the contraction n’t are “always” adverbs

Adverbs that modify verbs Most adverbs modify verbs Most adverbs modify verbs To find the adverbs ask yourself Where? When? How? Or To what extent? To find the adverbs ask yourself Where? When? How? Or To what extent? A word that answers one of these questions is an adverb. A word that answers one of these questions is an adverb. When it modifies a verb it can be placed anywhere in the sentence When it modifies a verb it can be placed anywhere in the sentence

Examples Everyone gathered outside. Where? Everyone gathered outside. Where? Sometimes we visit Aunt Sara. When? Sometimes we visit Aunt Sara. When? Ted spoke quietly. How? Ted spoke quietly. How? The fog completely disappeared. To what extent? The fog completely disappeared. To what extent?

Adverbs More than one adverb can modify the same verb. More than one adverb can modify the same verb. Dad never drives fast. Dad never drives fast. Where there are helping verbs in addition to the main verb, an adverb modifies the entire verb phrase Where there are helping verbs in addition to the main verb, an adverb modifies the entire verb phrase You should answer the invitation promptly. You should answer the invitation promptly.

An adverb sometimes interrupts a verb phrase in a statement or question An adverb sometimes interrupts a verb phrase in a statement or question I have always earned A’s in math. I have always earned A’s in math. Didn’t she hear the telephone? Didn’t she hear the telephone?

Adverbs modifying Adjectives Occasionally an adverb will modify an adjective or another adverb: quite, rather, so, somewhat, very Occasionally an adverb will modify an adjective or another adverb: quite, rather, so, somewhat, very Such an adjective usually comes immediately before the word if modifies Such an adjective usually comes immediately before the word if modifies Ex. The evenings have become rather chilly. (Chilly is an adjective. Rather is an adverb that modifies chilly) Ex. The evenings have become rather chilly. (Chilly is an adjective. Rather is an adverb that modifies chilly)

Adverbs modifying Adverbs Thunderstorms can strike very suddenly. Suddenly is an adverb. Very is an adverb that modifies suddenly. Thunderstorms can strike very suddenly. Suddenly is an adverb. Very is an adverb that modifies suddenly.