Alex Montoya Marissa Navas Juan Erazo Austin Brianna Period: 4

Higher wages Urbanization Massive population growth Poor living conditions Poor working conditions Growing city due to industrialization Child Labor & Horrible Working Conditions Standard : Growth of population and city Pg:

Old Middle Class vs. New Middle Class Old Middle Class Included: Landowners Aristocrats New Middle Class Included: Factory owners Merchants Bankers Old middle class looked down on new middle class Standard : Evolution of work and labor Pg

Working Class Problems: Working conditions had very little improvements Machines took away jobs People destroyed machines out of frustration Shows that there were more machines than people doing work

Working Conditions: Industry created many new jobs Factories were dirty, unsafe and dangerous Factory bosses exercised harsh discipline Long-Term Effect: Workers won higher wages, shorter hours, better conditions Social Classes: Factory workers were overworked and underpaid Overseers and skilled workers rose to lower middle class. Factory owners and merchants formed upper middle class Upper class resented those in middle class who became wealthier than they were Long-Term Effect: Standard of living generally rose Standard , , and Pg

Size of Cities: Factories brought job seekers to cities Urban areas doubled, tripled, or quadrupled in size Many cities specialized in certain industries Long-Term Effect: Suburbs grew as people fled crowded cities Living Conditions: Cities lacked sanitary codes or building controls Housing, water, and social services were scarce Epidemics swept through the city Long-Term Effect: Housing, diet, and clothing improved

Manchester had access to: Waterpower Labor from the countryside Rapid unplanned growth led to: Unhealthy living conditions for poor Unhealthy working conditions for poor Rich lived on the outskirts of town/suburbs Standard and Pg

Children as young as six worked in the factories with there parents Factory Act in 1819, in England, restricted working ages and working hours Mass industry created a lot of pollution in the natural environment Factories along a river in Manchester

Sec. 3 Industrialization Spreads  First factories and machines were created in Britian. Ex.. Textile machines.  The industrial revolution spreads across to the United states and other european countries such as germany,france,etc.

Industrialization in the U.S  Had good amounts of resources.  U.S is blocked from international trade, due to the blockade from the British.  Forced to rely on own resources for industries.  U.S Industries would manufacture goods that the U.S could no longer import

British inventors in U.S  The british did not allow inventors to leave british.  Inventors emigrate to U.S  Samuel Slater: Created the spinning machine  Moses Brown: Opened first factory  Francis Cabot Lowell: Created textiles

U.S technical boom  Occurred during late 1800’s.  New wealth from natural resources such as oil, coal, and iron.  New inventions such as electric light bulbs and telephones.  Population consumed the new manufactured goods.

Railroads  Railroads play major role in industrialization  Great for transportation of manufactures goods.  Cities expanded rapidly such as Chicago and Minneapolis. Due to their locations.  Large companies controlled most of railroads.  German railroads linked it’s growing manufacturing cities.

Rise of Corporations  Building railroads required a lot of money.  To raise money entrepreneurs sold shares of stocks.  Owning a stock made you a member of the corporation  Corporations were able to invest in industrial equipment.  Ex. Standord oil was a corporation founded by John D. Rockefelle. Carnegie Steel Company was founded by Andrew Carnegie.

Impact of Industrialization  Widened gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized countries..  Countries turn to other countries in demand for resources.  Imperialism  Created opportunities for education and democratic participation.

 Professor at university of Glasgow,Scotland  Believed in the idea of a free economy or free markets  Wrote his beliefs of free markets in the book “ The wealth of nations”  Adam smith’s Three natural laws of economics -The Law of Self Interest -The Law of Competition -The Law of Supply and Demand Capitalist! Adam smith

 A German journalist  Introduced radical socialism or Marxism  Karl Marx AND Fredrick Engels outlined Marxism in pamphlet, The Communist Manifesto  Karl Marx's vision of the future  Factories would drive small artesian out of business ’ s leaving small group of manufacturers to control wealth  Large proletariats would revolt  Seizures of factories and mills from the capitalists  Provide what society needed Karl Marx

 Factors of production are privately owned  Money is invested in business ventures  Smiths basic ideas  Based on Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo  Believed that natural laws governed economic life  There important ideas are the foundation of laissez-faire

 Judging ideas intuitions and actions on there usefulness  Modification of Adam Smiths capitalism by Jeremy Bentham  All based on Bentham's theory's  Government need to promote the greatest good for more people

 Factors of production are owned by the public  Government should plan the economy  operate for the well fair of all  It is based on the optimistic view of: -human nature -progress - concern for social justice  Government need to own all industries to end poverty

 A form of socialism  All means of production would be owned by the people  Private property is ended  All goods and services are shared equally Fun fact: china,cuba,laos, north Korea and vietnam are all communist countries today

 Groups of workers joined together to press reforms  Spoke for all workers  Engaged in collective bargaining and negotiations for better pay or working conditions  Unions could strike or refuse to work for there cause

Industrialization helped:  Start reforms to better workers  Encourage reforms to end slavery  start reform movements for women rights