THE MARWANID CALIPHATE ‘ABD AL-MALIK (685-705) and AL-WALID (705-715)

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THE MARWANID CALIPHATE ‘ABD AL-MALIK ( ) and AL-WALID ( )

The Empire of the Marwanids

‘ABD AL-MALIK and his successors Abd al-Malik ( ) Al-Walid ( ): son of Abd al-Malik Sulayman ( ): son of Abd al-Malik ‘Umar II ( ): nephew of Abd al-Malik Yazid II ( ): son of Abd al-Malik Hisham ( ): son of Abd al-Malik Al-Walid II ( ): nephew of Hisham Yazid III and Ibrahim (744): sons of al-Walid I Marwan II ( ): nephew of Abd al-Malik

Monetary Reform of Abd al-Malik Byzantine solidus or nomisma: gold coin, 4.5 grams Constans II ( )

A Byzantine challenge Solidi of Justinian II ( )

Abd al-Malik: a failed reform A Muslim figural coinage: The cross uncrossed The three figures: counterparts to Christ?

A second reform effort: imperial iconography The standing caliph and uncrossed cross

At last, an Islamic coinage Abd al-Malik’s reform dinar, Gold, 4.25 grams NO images, just Muslim statements of faith

Silver: from Sasanian iconography to Islam The image of the King of Kings “In the name of God”

A new silver coin: the dirham 2.97 grams Formal exchange rate with the gold dinar: 14:1

Islam supreme: the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem

The Dome of the Rock in modern dress

A sacred space-- but in just what sense?

Islamic mosque or Byzantine martyrium?

How is the Dome of the Rock organized?

Islam as an imperial religion: the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus

From temple to church to mosque

The prayer hall

The shape of the Umayyad Mosque

Mosque or Palace?

The Palace of Theoderic (ca. 500): St Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna

Grandeur

A vision of Paradise?

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