Management Practice: Part 6

Define leader and leadership. Compare and contrast early theories of leadership. Describe the three major contingency theories of leadership. Describe contemporary views of leadership. Discuss contemporary issues affecting leadership. Learning Outcomes

A Manager’s Dilemma THINK: “How would you feel as a new employee if your boss asked you to do something and you had to admit that you didn’t know how to do it? Now imagine if you and the boss were roommates and have been friends since fourth grade. How would you handle this situation” (pg.314)?

Global Sense “Employee engagement is an important focus for managers. The level of employee engagement serves as an indicator of organizational health and ultimately business results-success or failure” (pg. 314). Evaluate and compare engagement of U.S. employees for 2014, by clicking on the following article Majority of U.S. Employees Not Engaged Despite Gains in 2014: engaged-despite-gains-2014.aspx engaged-despite-gains-2014.aspx

Starbucks-Leading Watch and evaluate the video Howard Schultz: Starbucks CEO Talks Business, by clicking on the following link:

Starbucks-Focus on Individuals “One way Starbucks demonstrates the concern it has for the relationship with its partners is through an attitude survey that gives partners and opportunity to voice their opinions about their experience” (pg. 315). Read and review the article Let Us Know What You Think: Starbucks Overhauls the Customer Surveys, by clicking on the following link: 1/let-us-know-think-starbucks- overhauls-customer-surveys/ 1/let-us-know-think-starbucks- overhauls-customer-surveys/

Communication at Starbucks “Howard Schultz tries to visit at least 30 to 40 stores a week. Not only does this give him an upfront view of what’s happening out in the field, it gives partners a chance to talk with the top guy in the company” (pg. 315). Read and review the article Starbucks CEO: Lesson in Communication Skills, by clicking on the following link: in-communication-skills/ in-communication-skills/

Starbucks-Motivating Employees “One of the best reflections of how Starbucks treats its eligible part and full-time partners is its Total Pay package, which includes competitive base pay, bonuses, a comprehensive health plan, paid time-off, stock options,, a savings program, and partner perks (which includes a pound of coffee each week)” (pg. 316). Click on the following link to review the Working at Starbucks video:

Starbucks-Fostering Leadership Read and review the article Starbucks Makes Significant Education Investments to Develop Future Leaders in China, by clicking on the following link: significant-education-investments-to-develop-future-leadershttps://news.starbucks.com/news/starbucks-makes- significant-education-investments-to-develop-future-leaders

Review Learning Outcome 1 Define leader and leadership. –A leader is someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority. –Leadership is a process of leading a group and influencing that group toachieve its goals. –Managers should be leaders because leading is one of the four management functions.

Review Learning Outcome 2 Compare and contrast early theories of leadership. –The University of Iowa studies explored three leadership styles. –The Ohio State studies identified two dimensions of leader behavior—initiating structure and consideration. –The University of Michigan studies looked at employee-oriented leaders and production- oriented leaders.

Review Learning Outcome 2, (cont.) The Managerial Grid looked at leaders’ concern for production and concern for people and identified five leader styles. The behavioral studies suggest that a leader’s behavior has a dual nature: a focus on the task and a focus on the people.

Review Learning Outcome 2, continued Pressures to conform can heavily influence a person’s judgment and attitudes. If carried to extremes, groupthink can be a problem. Group decision making and conflict management are important group processes that play a role in performance and satisfaction. Effective communication and controlled conflict are most relevant to group performance when tasks are complex and interdependent

Review Learning Outcome 3 Describe the three major contingency theories of leadership. –Fiedler’s model attempted to define the best style to use in particular situations. –Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership theory focused on followers’ readiness. –The path-goal model developed by Robert House identified four leadership behaviors: directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented.

Review Learning Outcome 4 Describe contemporary views of leadership. –Leader–member exchange theory (LMX) says that those in the in-group will have higher performance ratings, less turnover, and greater job satisfaction. –A transactional leader exchanges rewards for productivity –A transformational leader stimulates and inspires followers to achieve goals.

Review Learning Outcome 5 Discuss contemporary issues affecting leadership. –The five sources of a leader’s power are legitimate, coercive, reward, expert,, and referent. –Today’s leaders face the issues of managing power, developing trust, empowering employees, leading across cultures, and becoming an effective leader.