Study Questions 1.What is communism (Pg.303), and about how many countries were communist in 1980? (Pg. 304) 2. About how many countries Practice communism today? (Pg. 304) 3. What is Social Darwinism? (Pg. 341) 4. What were the Boers? (Pg.342)

California State Standard 10:4:1 Describe the rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism and colonialism (e.g., the role played by national security and strategic advantage; moral issues raised by the search for national hegemony, Social Darwinism, and the missionary impulse; material issues such as land, resources, and technology).

Review Industrial Revolution Natural Resources Search for Raw Materials Economic Growth Nationalism Global Competition

The Scramble for Africa Chapter 11.1 Pgs

England exploits overseas colonies for resources * Like India and Africa.

Objectives Describe Africa Before European domination. Describe why European colonizers wanted to control Africa, and why was it so easy for them to take power? What two groups controlled most of Africa?

Setting the Stage Seizure of one country (or territory) by a stronger country is called IMPERIALISM: –Africans provide no consent of take over –Often African workers are not paid What is this called? –Free trade with new market –Cultural Domination If they are like us they will buy our stuff. Spreading of Anglo religions used as a means to make them more like Euro. England’s Empire

–1800’s European nations begin to create colonies in Africa They wanted: –Natural resources to feed factories –to open new markets –Spread religion, culture (Christianity ) –Africa is still feeling the effects of this today When the Europeans pull out who is left to govern? Traditional Ethnic Boundaries

Imperialism Definitions Exploitation- To use someone for profit.$ (Africans in diamond mines) Colonies- Any people or territory separated from but subject to a ruling power.

Africa Before Euro Dominance Euro est. contact w/ African’s in 1450’s –armies, disease kept them out –1880- Euro controlled less than 10% of Africa Mid 1800’s –Africa divided into 100’s of ethnic groups, spoke 1000’s of languages –Politically were either: 2 groups 1.Large empire w/ many, united ethnic groups 2.Independent villages (1878) Africa Imperialism

Inventions Allow Europe Access to Africa Mid 1800’s –Steam powered river boats give Euro access to Africa’s interior Advances in military technology allows Europeans to overpower the powerful African armies VS

Nations Compete for Overseas Empires Belgium 1879 –King Leopold negotiates for Congo river basin Motive: abolish slave trade, promote Christianity –Use Africans as slaves for rubber tree sapping –Kill elephants for their tusks Ivory and Rubber to Belgian factories –By million Africans had died Other Euro countries begin to do the same ( ) King Leopold

Forces Driving Imperialism European superiority –Social Darwinism: Euros were better, because they possessed better technology. Duty to bring white man’s culture to Africa to “save” them. –Wanted to westernize –Racism: Belief that one race is superior to others. ( )Charles Darwin Wrote, On the Origin of Species

Nationalism –More colonies = more pride –Countries become determined control more of the world Spread Christianity –Missionaries Wanted to end slave trade “Save” non-Christian’s –Euro govt., business men use missionaries for their own purpose: Westernize: –In doing so would create new markets for goods Christian Nationalism

Factors Promoting Imperialism Euro technology –Machine guns The Maxim Gun, worlds first automatic weapon. –Medicine Quinine developed, this protected Euro’s from malaria. –Transportation Railroad Steam engine, boats Communication Rival Tribes in Africa No unity –Need to unify large armies to repel Euro’s (1883) Maxim Gun

Division of Africa (1880) –French move towards central Africa (1884) Berlin Conference –14 Euro nations meet with Africa map –Start dividing up the continent –No Africans at the conference (1914) –2 countries remain independent 1.Ethiopia 2.Liberia

Raw Materials Needed Euro’s believed African’s would westernize. –Few African's buy goods Source of wealth shifts to natural resources: –Cash crop plantations: 1.Rubber 2.Peanuts 3.Palm Oil 4.Cocoa Replaces crops used to feed African families. –Mining 1.Tin 2.Copper 3.Gold 4.Diamonds Present day diamond mines

Objectives Describe Africa Before European domination. Describe why European colonizers wanted to control Africa, and why was it so easy for them to take power? What two groups controlled most of Africa?

Workbook Activity (pg. 45) Working with your natural partner, fill in the chart The Scramble for Africa on page 45 Use your notes, RSG’s, and books