Natural Disaster Monitoring and Alert System Using Sensors to Save Lives Laércio M. Namikawa – Eymar Lopes Bilateral Research Workshop INPE – ifgi March 2009

SIStema de Monitoramento e Alerta de DEsastres Naturais Version 1.0Version 2.0 Released July/11/2008July/ Natural Disaster Monitoring and Alert System

reference: Adapted from GEO BRASIL Perspectivas do Meio Ambiente no Brasil – Edições Ibama, Natural Disasters in Brazil Forest fires Flooding Droughts Landslides Flooding Landslides Forest fires Flooding High winds Hail storms 12 Oil refineries 4 Petrochemical Complexes

Natural Disasters in Brazil Santa Catarina – Nov. 2009

Natural Disasters in Brazil Source (adpated): Vulnerabilidade Ambiental / Rozely Ferreira dos Santos, organizadora. – Brasilia: MMA, p. : il. color. ; 29 cm. Droughts Floods Epidemic Landslides Extreme temperature High winds

Center for Weather Forecast and Climate Studies

CPTEC Weather ForecastsCPTEC Weather Forecasts

CPTEC Observations Satellite

CPTEC Observations Radar

CPTEC Observations Data Collection Platforms

CPTEC Emergency Actions For Preparation and Mitigation in States and Municipalities National Secretariat for Civil Defense Regional and Municipalities Civil Defenses State Coordination for Civil Defense- SP CPTEC Alerts Civil Defense is notified when forecast indicates that intense or long lasting rain has potential to trigger natural disastres

Technological Support TerraLib: Geographical database and spatial operation by TerraLib:

Spatial Analysis AdditionalInformation Natural Disasters Risks Alerts Hidrology and Meteorology Observations and Forecasts Extreme Event Risk Areas Automatically Generated AlertsAutomatically Generated Alerts

Open Source Computational System based on service oriented architecture Provides technological infrastructure to develop operational systems to manage alerts of environmental risks Services: Data gathering and formatting Analysis by comparison with risk layers or by executing models Risk model edition for alerts Alert handling and management SIStema de Monitoramento e Alerta de DEsastres Naturais Natural Disaster Monitoring and Alert System

Natural Disasters Monitoring and Alert System

Configuration Interface Register data servers and sources Register risk maps and base maps Program analysis Register users and permissions

Configuration Interface Climate data Risk Maps Base Maps Analyses Users Add Server Main Menu

Data from CPTEC CPTEC Server ModelsSatellite/RadarDCP Rain total Fixed time and irregular – alert Point data One file per DCP Grid 4km Total rain 1h Total rain 24h Current (mm/h) Binary file ETA 40, 20, 5 Km Ensemble 40 Km Total rain 72h 72 files ASCII grid file Configuration Interface

Hidrometeorological Servers FTP File ftp:// / c:\data\grids Rain/bingrd Configuration Interface

Hydrometeorological Data Series Grids Hydroestimator Lightning Radar Forecast Models Points DCPs (data collection platforms) Configuration Interface

Hydrometeorological Grid Data Series ASCII-GRID PCD TIFF GrADS Forecasted Total Others Radar.%a%M%d.%h%m.tif Configuration Interface

Hydrometeorological Grid Data Series New Version Extreme event threshold Save storage and analysis Area clipping Storage strategy Delete unnecessary data New formats Cumulative data. Ex: File with rain for every hour during forecast period (72 hours) Configuration Interface

Point Data Series - DCPs DCPs Location Pre calculation of data series DCP Configuration Interface

DCPs Point Data Series Pre calculation of new value to be used in the analysis Configuration Interface Lua Collect Rules by Lua

Included in database through Risk layers Areas (polygons) + attributes describing the risk Base map layers - Vector or grid layers supporting visualization in alert situations Configuration Interface Register risk maps and base maps

Risk Maps Polygons with attributes that specify risk levels Configuration Interface

Programming the Analysis Lua User analysis and risk model programming by Lua

Risk Analyses Analysis Configuration Interface

Analysis Types Using risk maps Executes analyses by areas in risk maps overlaid on hidrometeorological creating alerts in these areas. Model based Ex: SINMAP (Stability INdex MAPping) c – Coesion; β- Slope angle; φ- Soil internal friction; R/T- Reload/transmissivity ratio; a- Watershed area Configuration Interface

Analysis Based on Risk Maps Risk Layers Climate Data Configuration Interface

Analysis Based on Risk Maps LUA programming language LUA operators: arithmetic: + - * / ^ relational: == ~= = logical: and or not mathematical: math.abs math.acos math.asin math.atan …. TerraLib operators: – zonals: maximo minimo media conta_amostras – historical: operador_historico – grid: amostra Configuration Interface

Example - Risk Model Using Hydrometeorological Data in a Grid local ca = maximo(‘total rain') if ca < limiar_ca then return 0 -- Ok elseif ca < limiar_ca * 1.2 then return 2 – Attention level else return 4 – Maximum Alert level end Configuration Interface

Example - Risk Model Using Point Data (DCPs) local rain = media(‘dcp_data’,'pluvio') if rain == nil then rain = media('rain_grid') end if rain < threshold then return 0 -- Ok elseif rain < threshold * 1.2 then return 2 – Attention level else return 4 – Maximum alert level end Configuration Interface

Model Based Analysis Output Grid Climate Data Configuration Interface

Model Based Analysis amostra – value at evaluation location on grid local slope = amostra('slope_grid') local rain = amostra(‘rain_grid') local c= 0.37, B= 34, T= return FS = (c*cos^2.slope(1-(rain*a)/T *sin.slope)r )tan.B)/ sin.slope Configuration Interface

Risk Analyses New Version Use grids in addition to polygons to define risk areas Define influence areas of DCPs Classify analyses as active, inactive, and conditional (activated by another analysis) Configuration Interface

Risk Analyses Stretched Version Functions to validate DCPs data External simulation activated by a risk analysis TerraME program, FORTRAN program, Hidrological modeling Integration with TerraME, TerraHidro TerraHidro – Process Models on generalized flows Configuration Interface

Alert and Base Map Overlay Configuration Interface

Register Users and Analysis Based Permissions

Analysis based Permissions Configuration Interface Register Users for Each Analysis

Presentation Interface Users access alerts on internet through login (password required) Visualize current analysis Visualize risk polygons attributes Visualize a polygon risk history

WEB Main Interface - TerraPHP Presentation Interface

Alert Information Presentation Interface

Alert Events per Region Presentation Interface

Conclusions Processes extremes captured by risk analyses Vulnerabilities Processes values captured by images and DCPs Easy programming (non-experts) of input processing and risk analysis Data availability, censorship

Future Developments Capturing processes relevant changes Validation of DCPs data for a given process Finding and filling gaps in data Using randomly available data Collaborative data: Mobile phone (GPS, images, videos), web cam Use of OGC Sensor Observation Service standard

DCPs Errors

Thank You!