Periodic Table Familiarity

Coloring Activity

Explain this picture!

Noble Gases Column 18 or 8a Inert and non-reactive gases. Full valence electron shell. They tend to not lose or gain electrons.

Two Odd Elements Bromine (liquid non-metal)Mercury (liquid metal) A coin floating on Mercury. Why?

Halogens Column 17 or 7a Highly reactive. Halogens are “salts”. These elements combine with Column 1A and 2A elements to create salts. Will gain a single electron.

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Alkali Metals Shiny, soft, highly Reactive Metals! Will lose their single valence electron. Catch fire and may explode in water.

Alkaline Earth Metals Column 2A Shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive Metals Give off beautiful colors Combine with the halogens to form metallic salts.

Columns 1A and 2A elements make pretty colors….

1 H Hydrogen Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals LanthanidesActinides Other Metals Metalloids Other Nonmetals Halogens Noble Gases 2 He Helium Li Lithium Be Beryllium B Boron C Carbon N Nitrogen O Oxygen F Fluorine Ne Neon Na Sodium Mg Magnesium Al Aluminum Si Silicon P Phosphorus S Sulfur Cl Chlorine Ar Argon K Potassium Ca Calcium Sc Scandium Ti Titanium V Vanadium Cr Chromium Mn Manganese Fe Iron Co Cobalt Ni Nickel Cu Copper Zn Zinc Ga Gallium Ge Germanium As Arsenic Se Selenium Br Bromine Kr Krypton Rb Rubidium Sr Strontium Y Yttrium Zr Zirconium Nb Niobium Mo Molybdenum Tc Technetium Ru Ruthenium Rh Rhodium Pd Palladium Ag Silver Cd Cadmium In Indium Sn Tin Sb Antimony Te Tellurium I Iodine Xe Xenon Cs Cesium Ba Barium * Hf Hafnium Ta Tantalum W Tungsten Re Rhenium Os Osmium Ir Iridium Pt Platinum Au Gold Hg Mercury Tl Thallium Pb Lead Bi Bismuth Po Polonium [ ] 85 At Astatine Rn Radon Fr Francium [223] 88 Ra Radon [226] ** Rf Rutherfordium [261] 105 Db Dubnium [262] 106 Sg Seaborgium [266] 107 Bh Bohrium [264] 108 Hs Hassium [269] 109 Mt Meitnerium [268] 110 Ds Darmstadtium [269] 111 Rg Roentgenium [272] 112 Cn Copernicium [277] 113 Uut Ununtrium unknown 114 Fl Flerovium [289] 115 Uup Ununpentium unknown 116 Lv Livermorium [298] 117 Uus Ununseptium unknown 118 Uuo Ununoctium unknown * 57 La Lanthanum Ce Cerium Pr Praseodymium Nd Neodymium Pm Promethium Sm Samarium Eu Europium Gd Gadolinium Tb Terbium Dy Dysprosium Ho Holmium Er Erbium Tm Thulium Yb Ytterbium Lu Lutetium ** 89 Ac Actinium Th Thorium Pa Protactinium U Uranium Np Neptunium Pu Plutonium Am Americium Cm Curium Bk Berkelium Cf Californium Es Einsteinium [254] 100 Fm Fermium Md Mendelevium No Nobelium Lr Lawrencium [262] 1 1A 2 2A A 14 4A 15 5A 16 6A 17 8A 18 8A 1 H Hydrogen H Hydrogen Atomic Number Element Symbol Element Name Atomic Mass Periodic Table Atomic mass in [brackets] is for the most stable isotope.

The Periodic Table is Arranged With Metals on the Left MetalsMealloidsNon-Metals Stepped-Line Separates Metals and Non-metals * ** * Metals (conductors): conduct Electricity and Heat well, high melting points, malleable, ductile. Non-metals (non-conductors): pretty much the opposite of metals (don’t conduct heat well, etc). Metalloids (semi-conductors): have properties similar to both metals and non-metals. Metals (conductors): conduct Electricity and Heat well, high melting points, malleable, ductile. Non-metals (non-conductors): pretty much the opposite of metals (don’t conduct heat well, etc). Metalloids (semi-conductors): have properties similar to both metals and non-metals.

Most Elements are Solids under Ambient Conditions SolidLiquidGas Br * Hg ** * The majority of the periodic table consists of solid metals. Only one is a liquid (Mercury) at room temperature. Most of the Non-metals tend to all be gasses as room temperature with the exception or Bromine (a dark red liquid). Several are solids (e.g. carbon)

Why is the Periodic Table Important?

1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 6 26 Fe IRON Atomic Number – # of protons – # of electrons Atomic Mass –Weighted average of isotopes –Molar mass in g/mol Element Symbol

These Three Elements are Chemically Similar

What do they have in common? They appear very different. Chlorine is a toxic, poisonous gas that was used during the trench warfare phase of World War I (mustard gas!) Bromine is a dark red liquid. Iodine is a dark solid with an almost metallic luster.

HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClArKCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKrRbSrYZr NbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXeCsBaLaCePrNd PmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHg TiPbBiPoAtRnFrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFm Why Not Make the Periodic Table Symmetrical? Why does the periodic table have such an odd shape?

H 1s 1 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 5s 2 4d 10 5p 6 6s 2 4f 14 5d 10 He 1s 2 Li 2s 1 Be 2s 2 SPDF B 2p 1 C 2p 2 N 2p 3 O 2p 4 F 2p 5 Ne 2p 6 Na 3s 1 Mg 3s 2 Al 3p 1 Si 3p 2 P 3p 3 S 3p 4 Cl 3p 5 Ar 3p 6 K 4s 1 Ca 4s 2 Sc 3d 1 Ti 3d 2 V 3d 3 Cr 3d 5 Mn 3d 5 Fe 3d 6 Co 3d 7 Ni 3d 8 Cu 3d 10 Zn 3d 10 Ga 4p 1 Ge 4p2 As 4p 3 Se 4p 4 Br 4p 5 Kr 4p 6 Rb 5s 1 Sr 5s 2 Y 4d 1 Zr 4d 2 Nb 4d 4 Mo 4d 5 Tc 4d 5 Ru 4d 7 Rh 4d 8 Pd 4d 10 Ag 4d 10 Cd 4d 10 In 5p 1 Sn 5p 2 Sb 5p 3 Te 5p 4 I 5p 5 Xe 5p 6 Cs 6s 1 Ba 6s 2 * Hf 5d 2 Ta 5d 3 W 5d 4 Re 5d 5 Os 5d 6 Ir 5d 7 Pt 5d 9 Au 5d 10 Hg 5d 10 Ti 6p 1 Pb 6p 2 Bi 6p 3 Po 6p 4 At 6p 5 Rn 6p 6 Fr 7s 1 Ra 7s 2 ** Rf 6d 2 Db 6d 3 Sg 6d 4 Bh 6d 5 Hs 6d 6 Mt 6d 7 Ds 6d 8 Rg 6d 10 Cn 6d 10 * La 5d 1 Ce 4f 1 5d 1 Pr 4f 3 Nd 4f 4 Pm 4f 5 Sm 4f 6 Eu 4f 7 Gd 4f 7 5d 1 Tb 4f 9 Dy 4f 10 Ho 4f 11 Er 4f 12 Tm 4f 13 Yb 4f 14 Lu 5s 1 ** Ac 6d 1 Th 6d 2 Pa 5f 2 6d 1 U 5f 3 6d 1 Np 5f 4 6d 1 Pu 5f 6 Am 5f 7 Cm 5f 7 6d 1 Bk 5f 9 Cf 5f 10 Es 5f 11 Fm 5f 12 Md 5f 13 No 5f 14 Lr 6d 1

H LONG FORM PERIODIC TABLE He Li BeBCNOFNe NaMgAlSiPSClAr KCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr RbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe Cs BaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTiPbBiPoAtRn FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnUutFlUupLvusUuo We pull out the f-block elements so the periodic table fits on a single page. Part of the reason it has such a weird shape then is convenience.

What happens to the size of atoms as you go across the periodic table? What happens to the size of atoms as you go down the periodic table.

0.037 He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn Covalent Radii in Nanometers (1x10 -9 nm) Noble Gases are inert and their covalent radius can’t be measured in the same way Cs Rb K K H H LiLi LiLi NaNa NaNa Mg H Be Ca Sr Ba F F Cl Br I I Po Te Se S S O O B B Size Decreases Energy Levels are constant but nuclear charge increases. Size Increases Increasing Electron Energy Levels C C N N P P As Sb Bi Si Al Ga Ge In Tl Sn Pb At

Why does the periodic table have such an odd shape? The modern periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic number. There is a repeating pattern in terms of electron configurations. For example, in columns 1A-8A the column number is the number of valence electrons. We pull out the f-block elements for convenience so the periodic table fits on a page. There are a number of periodically repeating trends such as atomic size. For example, as you go across any row in the periodic table the size of atoms generally decreases. Reactivity Trends Demo

Lightest Most abundant (74%) Found in stars and nebulas Hydrogen

Used in Air ships since its cheaper than helium. Unfortunately it was highly flammable. HINDENBERG DISASTER atch?v=CgWHbpMVQ1U Hydrogen

Used to fill balloons. Changes your voice because helium is less dense than air (Oxygen and Nitrogen). Disposable helium tanks are cut with oxygen to prevent children from suffocating. Helium

Helium is mined from natural gas in the ground. It was not deposited there when the earth formed unlike other stable gases. It is created by the radioactive decay of Uranium and Thorium over time. Helium We are exhausting our helium supplies!

Soft, shiny, silvery metal. So light it floats on water. Used in batteries: powers laptops, pacemakers, cars, etc. Lithium ion pills are used to treat bipolar disorder. Lithium

Basis of life – DNA – Proteins and Steroids Pure carbon can turn into: – Diamonds – Graphite – Buckyballs Carbon Dioxide and global warming. Carbon

They are not rare They are not overly beautiful They do not last forever All three of these myths were created by the DeBeers diamond company. Diamonds should be 1/10 of their current cost but this company created a monopoly over them. Carbon Diamonds are a scam

Most abundant gas in the air we breath (78%) Inert and non-reactive (N 2 ) but when combined with hydrogen we get Ammonia (NH 3 ) Ammonia fertilizers feeds a third of the world. Nitrogen

Boiling point of -196C It is cold enough to freeze almost anything. Cryogenics atch?v=-gvxOBfHiE4 atch?v=-gvxOBfHiE4 hings-To-Do-With-Liquid-Nitrogen.htm Liquid Nitrogen

Reacts with almost any organic compound. Needed for combustion (cars, rockets, fire, etc). 21% of our atmosphere Can you make a camp fire on the moon? Oxygen

Most reactive metal on the periodic table. Blow a stream of fluorine gas at almost anything and it will burst into flame. Used in drinking water and toothpaste to strengthen teeth. Combines with Carbon to make teflon (the most slippery substance known to man) Fluorine Periodic Table Logic Lab Crossword Puzzles

Nuclear Charge Increases Total electric charge in a nucleus. It is equal to the number of protons. The Nucleus is what attracts electrons and keeps them in the atom.

The more protons the stronger the nucleus can pull.

1 H Hydrogen 1 3 Li Lithium 7 11 Na Sodium 23

1 H Hydrogen 1 3 Li Lithium 7 11 Na Sodium 23

1 H Hydrogen 1 3 Li Lithium 7 11 Na Sodium 23

1 H Hydrogen 1 3 Li Lithium 7 11 Na Sodium 23

1 H Hydrogen 1 3 Li Lithium 7 11 Na Sodium 23 As you go down a group or column in the periodic table the number of energy levels increases.

1 H Hydrogen 1 3 Li Lithium 7 11 Na Sodium 23 As you go down a group or column in the periodic table the number of energy levels increases.

5 B Boron 1 3 Li Lithium 7 4 Be Beryllium 23

5 B Boron 1 3 Li Lithium 7 4 Be Beryllium 23

5 B Boron 1 3 Li Lithium 7 4 Be Beryllium 23

5 B Boron 1 3 Li Lithium 7 4 Be Beryllium 23

5 B Boron 11 3 Li Lithium 7 4 Be Beryllium 9 As you go across a period the number of energy levels remains constant.

Electrons in an atom can shield each other from the pull of the nucleus.

As you go across a period electron shielding is constant. As you go down a group electron shielding increases.

Increases:, nuclear charge, reactivity of non-metals Decreases: atomic size, reactivity of metals Constant: electron shielding Increases: Atomic size nuclear charge reactivity of metals Electron Shielding Decreases: atomic size reactivity non-metals Periodic Trends

AtomsRank them from Largest to Smallest Li, F, C Li, Na, K Ge, P, O C, N, Si Al, Cl, Br Ba, Mg, Sr AtomsMost Reactive to Least Reactive K, Ca, Mg F, Cl, S Draw in arrows and describe trends in atomic size and reactivity for both metals and non-metals on the periodic table. Explain trends in atomic size in terms of nuclear charge and electron shielding