© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All Rights Reserved Class Name, Instructor Name Date, Semester Lasley & Guskos, Criminal Investigation: An Illustrated Case Study Approach 1ed Chapter 11 GANG CRIME SCENES

© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All Rights Reserved Explain the relationship between street gangs and the law Be familiar with the investigative indicators of street gangs Be able to distinguish between street gangs of various races/ethnicities Be familiar with Midwest and East Coast street gangs Understand how prison gangs differ from street gangs CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

Explain the relationship between street gangs and the law Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes

4 Gang Identification Size of membership Common identity Criminal behavior

Clothing, Haircuts, and Graffiti 5

Gang Classification by Law Enforcement Most law enforcement require one of the following to be classified as a gang: 1.Self-admission as a gang member 2.Identification as a gang member by a family member, informant, known gang member, or other reliable source 3.Residing in or frequenting known gang locations and neighborhoods 4.Personal appearance and behavior consistent with that of gang membership, including style of dress, use of hand signs, tattoos, vocabulary, etc. 5.Associating with known gang members 6.Physical evidence suggesting gang membership, photographs, letters, , texts, rags, drawings, symbolic objects/items 7.Having been arrested in the presence of known gang members or for crimes typically committed by street gangs

Association with known Gang Members 7

8 Recognizing Gang Crimes Illegal acts directed at other gangs Crime enhances the gangs reputation or financial status Gang Crime

Be familiar with the investigative indicators of street gangs Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes

Investigative Indicators 10

Gang Investigator’s Role 11 Gain information on the following: 1.The types and numbers of gangs existing within specific locations 2.The size and structure of individual gangs 3.Members of specific gangs and their criminal behavior 4.Gang allies and enemies 5.Graffiti writing as a form of gang communication 6.The types of weapons, drugs, and violence associated with specific gangs 7.Gang dress, symbols, language, rituals, and culture

Gang Indentifiers 12

Drive-by Shootings 13 Planned Drive-By : attack in a time and location that provide the most opportunity to cause damage/injury; least opportunity for apprehension by law enforcement (state prison order, hit, etc.) Spontaneous Drive-By : chance encounter between two opposing street gangs resulting in a combative situation leading to the exchange of gunfire

Planned Drive-By 14

Street Gang Investigative Indicators Understand the subculture No weapons are off limits to gangs Often recycle their weapons Hit-and-run style of modern gang warfare Walk-by, drive-by, and/or ride-by Secondary evidence is often knives, clubs, chains, and/or baseball bats External ballistics from inside of vehicles are evidence Graffiti—”telephone to the enemy” Hand signs/verbalization (set) 15

Ride-by 16

17 Street Gang Organizational Structure Peripherals and wannabes Associates or affiliate members Hard-core members Cliques

Females and Race/Ethnicity Support male gang members Have some all female gangs Heavily influenced by male gangs Ethnicity is homogenous Hybrid gangs are ethnically diverse in comparison 18

Be able to distinguish between street gangs of various races/ethnicities Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes

West Coast Street Gangs A unique style of gang dress, evidenced by the creation of “zoot suits”—loose-fitting, baggy two-piece suits accompanied by a wide- brimmed hat A specialized gang language, known as “Calo” and composed of words and phrases created by the gang by combining Spanish and English An appreciation for drug use and sales, involving the use of pills (mainly barbiturates/depressants) rather than alcohol for a clean high Use of graffiti—known as placas— to mark the gang’s territory and as a form of street communication Use of tattoos and colors to distinguish members of the same gang who were of the same race/ethnicity Use of a hit-and-run style of fighting known as japing, carried out in the form of surprise attacks on rival gangs The establishment of prison gangs, which are still in existence today and coordinate various illegal activities with street gangs 20

21 West Coast—Latino Gangs Soldiers protecting their turf that they “claim” Lifelong allegiance Nortenos/SurenosMethamphetamine is drug of choice Named for locationMembers receive street names or monikers Khaki pants with sharp creases White t-shirt with flannel “Cholo”“Sports” look works also Leadership is situationalSubsets have their own names, members and identity

West Coast—African-American CripsBloods “hood” and protective of their turf“gangster” identity Viewed as family membersJump in/jump out Wear colorsAthletic wear Words and phrases derived from rap lyrics Use graffiti Will fight their own Blood/Crip setsCrack cocaine is drug of choice Most have gang name tattoos“flashing” hand signs Female affiliates 22

West Coast—Asian Gangs There is no designated turfThere is no loyalty to a specific gang “play clothes” when with the gangTriangular pattern of three dots on the hand for tattoos Strong central leadership “Dai Lo”Gang structure similar to cliques Target residences and businesses of other Asians to rob/burglarize Name themselves for the area they originate Asian gangs get along with one another Rarely is graffiti used Asian females have their own gangs 23

West Coast—Caucasian Gangs Do not claim turfTeens from troubled families often join Neo-Nazi ideologiesThreats and intimidation to minorities Shaved headsThree levels of organization White Pride, White Power, White Supremacists White polo shirts, tanks, red suspenders, black boots Use the word “14”Nazi salute Monikers are given after being jumped in Tattoos related to Nazi Germany Heavy metal style musicUse graffiti to mark territory Do allow females to join 24

Be familiar with Midwest and East Coast street gangs Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes

26 Midwest & East Coast Street Gangs— People Nation 1.Dress “up left” style 2.Identify with the color red or tones of red 3.5 point star, pyramid and eye, five-point crown, five dots, Play-boy style rabbit, etc.

The Number 5 as an Indicator 27

28 Midwest & East Coast Street Gangs—Folk Nation 1.Dress “up-right” 2.Folk identify with the color blue or tones of blue 3.Six-point star, pitchforks, heart with wings, number 6, six dots, dice with 6 dots, etc.

Understand how prison gangs differ from street gangs Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes

30 Prison Gangs Formed in state or federal prison level penal institutions Highly organized Know the rules/codes Prison gangs provide racist ideals and practices Race is the key factor in creating allies in prison Green light/shot caller Do not identify themselves while incarcerated as street gangs do

© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All Rights Reserved In most jurisdictions, the law provides criteria for the identification of street gangs, street gang members, and street gang crimes. Street gangs are usually legally defined as a group of two or more individuals having a common identifying name, sign, or symbol who engage in a type of criminal activity typically classified as a gang crime. Anti-gang laws also typically include criteria for the validation of street gang members. Some of the investigative indicators of street gangs include the types of weapons they use, their internal leadership and organizational structure, and their methods of communication. Street gangs are primarily represented by persons of African- American, Latino, and Asian races/ethnicities; however, Caucasians are also known to become involved in traditional street gangs, but most belong to groups organized around philosophies of white supremacy and the commission of hate crimes. CHAPTER SUMMARY

© 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All Rights Reserved Midwest and East Coast street gangs are mostly represented by the People and Folk Nations. The race/ethnicity of these gangs is predominantly African-American and Puerto Rican. Members of the People Nation are at war with those of the Folk Nation. Compared to street gangs, prison gangs are much more secretive, organized, and violent. There is usually a designated leader of a prison gang, and the structure of the gang and the role of gang members are designated within a gang constitution. Prison gangs exert control over street gangs, and particularly over their drug sales activities. Often, street gangs are required to pay “tax” to prison gang members (representing a portion of their drug sales profits) to avoid becoming victimized in jail and prison settings. CHAPTER SUMMARY