The Age of Jefferson His Agenda and Selected Accomplishments

Election of 1800: Power Shift Democratic-Republicans stay in power 28 years Democratic-Republicans stay in power 28 years 1st time in history political power passed from one party to another without violence and through democratic process 1st time in history political power passed from one party to another without violence and through democratic process

Jefferson Lucks Out Beneficiary of 3/5s clause Beneficiary of 3/5s clause Boost electoral college votes in South Boost electoral college votes in South

His Agenda: Simplify Government Limit federal power, cut taxes, reduce debt, and costs. Limit federal power, cut taxes, reduce debt, and costs. Albert Gallatin named his Secretary of Treasury Albert Gallatin named his Secretary of Treasury Abolished internal taxes Abolished internal taxes By 1810, $40 million of $82 million debt paid, despite La. Purchase By 1810, $40 million of $82 million debt paid, despite La. Purchase

More Slashed budgets and reduced size of government. Slashed budgets and reduced size of government. Cut spending by reducing size of army, reduced size of Navy and the size of the executive staff. Cut spending by reducing size of army, reduced size of Navy and the size of the executive staff. Revenue for government came from custom duties and western land sales. Revenue for government came from custom duties and western land sales. The anti-military President established West Point Military Academy The anti-military President established West Point Military Academy

Conflict With Judicial Branch Judiciary Act of 1801, increased number of federal judges. Judiciary Act of 1801, increased number of federal judges. These “Midnight Judges” appointed by Adams, gave Federalists control of Judicial Branch. These “Midnight Judges” appointed by Adams, gave Federalists control of Judicial Branch. Jefferson attempted to use impeachment to remove these judges. Jefferson attempted to use impeachment to remove these judges. Unsuccessful attempt to remove Supreme Court Judge, Samuel Chase ended the impeachment campaign Unsuccessful attempt to remove Supreme Court Judge, Samuel Chase ended the impeachment campaign

A Test case Marbury vs Madison the doctrine of judicial review, Supreme Court decides constitutionality Marbury vs Madison the doctrine of judicial review, Supreme Court decides constitutionality John Marshall, appointed by Adams is Chief Justice John Marshall, appointed by Adams is Chief Justice Case makes Judicial Branch co- equal with legislative and executive branches Case makes Judicial Branch co- equal with legislative and executive branches

“Let’s Make a Deal!” or “Sale of the Century!” By 1800 people began in earnest to pour into the West. By 1800 people began in earnest to pour into the West. Jefferson the farmer, wanted to insure that frontier immigrants had a secure free trade route down the Mississippi. Jefferson the farmer, wanted to insure that frontier immigrants had a secure free trade route down the Mississippi. He knew the importance of having outlets for America’s frontier farmers. He knew the importance of having outlets for America’s frontier farmers. Jefferson sought to buy New Orleans from France and asked Congress for $9.375 million for the purchase. Jefferson sought to buy New Orleans from France and asked Congress for $9.375 million for the purchase.

“What will you take for the whole?” Napoleon’s minister Talleyrand offers it all to Monroe, New Orleans and the whole Louisiana Territory! For $15 million Napoleon’s minister Talleyrand offers it all to Monroe, New Orleans and the whole Louisiana Territory! For $15 million Monroe and Robert Livingston knew a deal when they saw one and said yes! Monroe and Robert Livingston knew a deal when they saw one and said yes! When Gallatin complained about his pledge to eliminate the national debt, Jefferson retorted: When Gallatin complained about his pledge to eliminate the national debt, Jefferson retorted: …look up from your accountant’s ledgers long enough to see the boundless western skies this purchase made possible.” …look up from your accountant’s ledgers long enough to see the boundless western skies this purchase made possible.”

Constitutional Question Strict Construction: Government not empowered to purchase land outside its borders Strict Construction: Government not empowered to purchase land outside its borders Although troubled, Jefferson makes the deal Although troubled, Jefferson makes the deal

Louisiana Purchase: Importance it averted possible war with France and entanglement with Britain; it averted possible war with France and entanglement with Britain; it more than doubled the national domain and greatly encouraged western settlement; it more than doubled the national domain and greatly encouraged western settlement; it removed a major foreign threat from America's borders; it removed a major foreign threat from America's borders; it established a precedent for the future acquisition of territories and peoples; and, it established a precedent for the future acquisition of territories and peoples; and, it stimulated American nationalism. it stimulated American nationalism. The journey of Lewis and Clark established American claims to Oregon. The journey of Lewis and Clark established American claims to Oregon.

“The Corps of Discovery” The group would be led by Capt Meriwether Lewis and Capt. William Clark The group would be led by Capt Meriwether Lewis and Capt. William Clark Explored the Louisiana Territory Explored the Louisiana Territory In May of 1804, Lewis and Clark and their 25 man crew departed from St. Louis and headed up the Missouri, bound for the Pacific Ocean In May of 1804, Lewis and Clark and their 25 man crew departed from St. Louis and headed up the Missouri, bound for the Pacific Ocean Gone 2 ½ years, travel miles Gone 2 ½ years, travel miles September 1806 they returned to St. Louis. September 1806 they returned to St. Louis.