Civil War: War Begins

Choosing Sides Border States—slave states of strategic importance to both the North & South (Delaware Kentucky Maryland Missouri) Stayed with the Union

Why are they valuable? Missouri controlled Mississippi River Kentucky controlled Ohio River Delaware was close to the key city of Philadelphia Maryland was close to Richmond, VA (Confederate Capital)

Union Advantages Factories/ Industries Wealth Population Railroads

Confederate Advantages Justice of their Causes Great Generals Defensive War “Home Field Advantage” Defensive War “Home Field Advantage” Toughness of People

Goals of the War Restore the Union Invade the South and force breakaway states to give up their quest for Independence. Independent Nation Had to destroy the Union army. Fight long and hard enough to convince Northern that was not worth its costs United States Confederate States

Union War Strategy Anaconda Plan

Naval Blockade of southern ports Control Mississippi River to divide South Take Confederate capital at Richmond, VA Keep supplies from reaching confederacy & prevent any exports of Cotton Split the Confederacy In two & Cut Southern Supply Lines CONFEDERATE CAPITAL. Destroy All Leadership

Confederate Strategy Conduct a Defensive War Hold as much territory as possible Wear them down by defensively protecting their land. Foreign Support Cotton Diplomacy with Great Britain and France

Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 Union forces left the following day. The firing upon Fort Sumter was the opening engagement (attack) of the American Civil War

Firing of Sumter Total 580 Each Icon = 50 soldiers Union: 80 Confederate: Casualties Confederate VICTORY

Battle of Bull Run 1 st Battle of the War A.K.A. Battle of Manassas (Southern) Union troops march toward Richmond, VA July 21 of 1861 /

Significance of the Battle of Bull Run reaffirmed their belief in the superiority of their fighting Showed the war would not be easy or quick

General Ulysses S. Grant Key Northern Commander took control Troops in West Grant was bold and always willing to attack

Robert E. Lee Johnston was wounded in battle and replaced. Robert E Lee was put in charge of the Confederate army! resigned from the U.S. Army to serve in the forces of his native Virginia. Devout Christian Not a fan of slavery or secession

Battle of Antietam Bloodiest single day battle in American history

Emancipation Proclamation Antietam’s victory is important because it gave Lincoln the victory he needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, its role was to expand the goals of the civil war to include the ending of slavery.

Emancipation Proclamation An executive order that freed the slaves in areas rebelling against the Union *Slaves in border states were not freed

Battle of Antietam Total 131,000 Each Icon = 5,000 soldiers Union: 87,000 Confederate: 45,000 22,717 Casualties in one day UNION VICTORY

Battle of Gettysburg Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. 3 Day Battle

Day 3: Pickett’s Charge 1500 troops crossed the open field to the Union line, but did not break it. In the 50 minutes of the Pickett's Charge, two-thirds of men had become casualties. Lee's army retreated the next day.

Gettysburg Costliest Battle of the Civil War July 1, 1863 – July 3, 1863 TURNING POINT IN CIVIL WAR

Two Successful Battles The political significance of these back to back military successes was monumental. 1.Reopened trade routes for North. 2.End of all Foreign Hope in South. 3.Union now thought they would win the war. Turning Point in the WAR! (FAVOR THE NORTH)

Gettysburg Address Lincoln’s speech given at a dedication ceremony of a national cemetery at Gettysburg. –Praised the bravery of the Union soldiers –Renewed commitment to win the war Reunited nation would be different though- EQUALITY

Surrender Appomattox Courthouse Lee surrendered to Grant Confederates keep their horses Weapons would be turned over except officers side arms Confederates could go home. 620,000 Dead

General Ulysses S. Grant Key Northern Commander Union Commanding General for the last year of the war. He graduated from West Point Military Academy. Grant had a reputation for being a tough fighter in battle who would never give up. He was elected President of the United States in At the surrender he showed great respect and compassion to General Lee and the Southern soldiers.

General Robert E. Lee Confederate Commanding General from the beginning of the war until the end of the war. Graduated from West Point Military Academy at the top of his class. He was a Southerner against slavery. He believed that his state and its rights were more important than the Union. President Lincoln offered him the job of Commanding General of the Union Army. He knew how to move an army quickly over many miles, and he had a great sense of when to attack and when to withdraw. He was a famous general considered one of the greatest military leaders in United States history.