Matter

Classification of Matter Matter Mixtures Pure Substances Mechanical MixturesElements SolutionsCompounds

Pure Substances Only contain one kind of particle Examples: Helium (element) and water (compound) An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down further by chemical or physical methods. A compound is a pure substance that is made up of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined. Water is an example of a compound because it has hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms in a ratio of 2:1.

Mixtures Some times it is hard to tell the difference between a mixture and a compound. A mixture is when two different things are physically combined and can be separated by physical methods. A mechanical mixture is a mixture where you can see all the different parts ie: pizza, fizzy sprite, textbook. Also called a heterogeneous mixture A solution is a mixture where it all looks the same throughout ie: Kool-Aid, apple juice, salt water. Also called a homogeneous mixture

MATTER Anything that has mass and occupies space. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES A characteristic of a substance that you can observe and measure without changing the identity of the substance. Qualitative Physical Properties Observing and describing without a detailed measurement (five senses)

1. COLOUR 2. ODOUR ex. red, colourless, black ex. sweet, spicy, pungent, odourless burnt 3. STATEex. solid, liquid, gas, plasma???

4. TEXTUREex. fine, coarse, smooth, bumpy 5. LUSTREex. shiny, dull 6. TASTEex. sweet, sour, salty, bitter

7. CLARITYex. clear, cloudy, opaque Transparent- light and objects can be seen clearly through it (ex. window) Transluscent-light travels through but images can’t be seen clearly (ex. frosted window)

8. DUCTILITY - ability to be stretched into thin wires ex. gum

1. HARDNESS - measure of the resistance to scratching Quantitative Physical Properties ex. diamond (very hard) Can be measured and assigned a value. 2. MALLEABILTY - ability to be hammered or shaped by bending, hammering, pressure ex. aluminum

3.MELTING/ BOILING POINT - fixed temperatures where substances melt or boil ex. water – melt? Boil? 4. SOLUBILITY - the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent ex. Koolaid – solvent is water (universal solvent) - solute is Koolaid crystals

5. VISCOSITY - how well a substance flows ex. corn syrup – high viscosity water – lower viscosity 6. DENSITY - the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume it occupies ex. density of water = 1.0 g/mL