World Population Unit 6 Chapter 4 Section 1

I. World Population A. Population Growth 1. Demography=the study of human population Trends using statistics (on death, birth, marriage and disease) 2. Earth’s population today is about 6 billion a. Most populated country on earth is China (1.3 billion which equals one out of every 6 people live in China)

Population growth continued.. 3. Population is expected to reach 7 billion by the end of this year 4. People inhabit about 30% of the Earth’s land a % of the surface of the earth is unlivable land (deserts, ice caps, tundra) b. another 30% of the Earth’s surface is water b. another 30% of the Earth’s surface is water

Population Growth still…. 5. Look at the line graph (p. 76) a. from population increased slowly b population doubled each year c. in 2000 population soared to 6 billion WHY such sudden huge growth in population?

Continued still… 6. This sharp rise in world population was due to exponential growth a. exponential growth =constant rate of growth when applied to rate of growth when applied to increasing base increasing base (the larger your base the faster exponential growth will happen)

B. Growth Rates world population is growing rapidly because birthrates have not declined as fast as death rates. a. Death rate= # of deaths/yr for every 1000 people b. Birthrate = # of births/yr for every 1000 people

Growth rates continued 2. Scientist calculate the natural increase or growth rate of population as the difference between an areas birthrate and death rate.

Growth rates cont….. 3. Why is population growing so fast? Improved diet and health care have lowered the death rate in many places Improved diet and health care have lowered the death rate in many places In economically developing countries, the birthrate is often very high In economically developing countries, the birthrate is often very high Wealthy industrialized countries tend to have declining death rates and low birthrates Wealthy industrialized countries tend to have declining death rates and low birthrates When a country’s population does not grow it is called zero population growth because the birthrate and death rate are equal When a country’s population does not grow it is called zero population growth because the birthrate and death rate are equal

Growth rates cont….. 4. Large families in Asia, Africa and Latin America are common a. These 3 regions are lead by their cultural traditions, beliefs about marriage & value of children b. Many agricultural (farming) areas have more children since they can help with labor 5 year old carrying buckets of blueberries

Growth rates cont…. 5. Doubling time-the amount it takes a population to double In parts of Asia, Africa & Latin America doubling time is 25 years In parts of Asia, Africa & Latin America doubling time is 25 years In contrast the average doubling time of a wealthy industrialized country can be more than 300 years In contrast the average doubling time of a wealthy industrialized country can be more than 300 years The U.S. population will double in less than 100 years making us fastest growing industrialized nation in the world The U.S. population will double in less than 100 years making us fastest growing industrialized nation in the world

C. Challenges of Population Growth 1. Rapid population growth presents many challenges to the world 2. World food production has risen to meet demands on every continent except Africa 3. However, rapidly growing populations still face shortages of resources like freshwater, housing and clothing 4. The concern now is that populations have uneven distributions by age (more countries have infants/young children that can’t contribute to the economy/laboring)

D. Negative population growth In some countries (esp. European countries and Japan) the death rate is higher than the birthrate called Countries with negative growth rates often recruit workers from other countries to supplement their workforce a. this many times creates tension between the “host” population and communities of newcomers

II. Distribution vs. Density A. Population Distribution 1.This is the pattern of human settlement across the Earth---UNEVEN distribution 2.Distribution of people directly depends on Earth’s physical geography 3.People live on 1/3 of the Earth’s land a.Ppl live where there is fertile soil, available water and climate without harsh streams b.Asia is the most populated continent=60% of all people c.Europe is 2 nd most populated continent

Distribution vs density cont… 4. Population tends to be highly concentrated in metropolitan areas A metropolitan area includes cities and their surrounding suburbs A metropolitan area includes cities and their surrounding suburbs Most ppl in Europe, N America & Australia live in/around urban areas Most ppl in Europe, N America & Australia live in/around urban areas Along the US eastern coastline have megalopolis where many metropolitan areas have grown together Along the US eastern coastline have megalopolis where many metropolitan areas have grown together

b. Population Density 1. Population Density measures the average # of people living in a square mile of land a.Divide total population of country by total land area b.Density like distribution varies widely around the world

Population density cont… 2. Countries with the same size populations do not necessarily have similar population densities 3. Population density is an average and does not account for uneven population distribution w/in a country-which is very common a. think about US-not a lot of people live in the west due to deserts & mountains but many people live along our east and west coasts

C. Population Movement 1. Migration is the movement of people from place to place 2. More and more people throughout the world are moving to urban areas is search of better jobs, education and health care a. This growth in city population is called urbanization

Urbanization Poem Hunger is scratching at his stomach. He hasn't had a bite to eat in days. Hatred is surrounding him. Hatred for the smoky air and the tall buildings. Longing clings on to him, not daring to let go. Longing for the fresh air and open spaces back at the farm. His wife had a job at the local supermarket. He had tried to persuade her, but she loved that job and would not quit. He knew that he would have to leave her, there were no jobs and no place to live. But he couldn't.

Population movement cont… 3. About half of the world’s people now live in urban areas 4. People also migrate from one country to another, seeking greater economic opportunities and political freedom a. many times people are forced to flee to another country to escape persecution or disaster--refugees persecution or disaster--refugees

D. Push and Pull factors of Human Migration 1. Push Factors= things that make you want to leave & move elsewhere Examples: -over population- religious conflict -no jobs- no farmland -harsh gov’t-natural disasters -harsh climates-no personal freedom

Other reasons:

Pull Factors Things that make you want to stay or pick up to move to that place Examples: -freedom of religion -economic ($$) -good housing-plentiful farm land -family lives here-cultural connections -good gov’t-more freedoms

Others: