European Nations Settle North America Mr. R

European movement v What European countries do you see in North America? (besides Spain) Why do you think they are not further south?

French settle Quebec (1608) & Montreal (1642) and what would become Canada French settle Quebec (1608) & Montreal (1642) and what would become Canada Control St. Lawrence River & access to interior of North America Control St. Lawrence River & access to interior of North America Develop a fur trade Develop a fur trade By 1682 also control Mississippi River By 1682 also control Mississippi River

Explorers Sailing For France Jacques Cartier - France - Reached St. Lawrence River - Claimed Eastern Canada for France – 1535 Jacques Cartier - France - Reached St. Lawrence River - Claimed Eastern Canada for France – 1535 Samuel de Champlain - France - “Father of New France” - Established Quebec (the 1st permanent French colony in N. America) - Established settlements and explored Maine, Montreal & Nova Scotia –1608 Samuel de Champlain - France - “Father of New France” - Established Quebec (the 1st permanent French colony in N. America) - Established settlements and explored Maine, Montreal & Nova Scotia –1608 Jacques Marquette & Louis Joliet - France - Were the first Europeans to travel the Mississippi River—1673 Jacques Marquette & Louis Joliet - France - Were the first Europeans to travel the Mississippi River—1673 Sieur de La Salle - France –wound his way down the Mississippi, claiming the entire Mississippi watershed in the name of France. Two years later, French king Louis XIV supplied LaSalle with ships and colonists to return to the mouth of the Mississippi, and to further strengthen France's claim to the area—1682 Sieur de La Salle - France –wound his way down the Mississippi, claiming the entire Mississippi watershed in the name of France. Two years later, French king Louis XIV supplied LaSalle with ships and colonists to return to the mouth of the Mississippi, and to further strengthen France's claim to the area—1682

8 Ponce de Leon and Early Spanish Exploration of North America In 1513 Ponce de Leon traveled from the Caribbean to North America in search of the Fountain of Youth and a city of gold and a city of gold rumored to exist on the mainland. In 1513 Ponce de Leon traveled from the Caribbean to North America in search of the Fountain of Youth and a city of gold and a city of gold rumored to exist on the mainland. His expedition landed near what is today St. Augustine, Florida. His expedition landed near what is today St. Augustine, Florida. De Leon believed that he was on an island did not realize that he was on a peninsula of the American mainland. De Leon believed that he was on an island did not realize that he was on a peninsula of the American mainland. He named the supposed island “La Florida,” which means flowery place in Spanish. He named the supposed island “La Florida,” which means flowery place in Spanish. Although he was unsuccessful in finding either the fountain of youth or a city of gold, he returned in 1521 to establish a permanent colony, where he was mortally wounded by native inhabitants. Although he was unsuccessful in finding either the fountain of youth or a city of gold, he returned in 1521 to establish a permanent colony, where he was mortally wounded by native inhabitants. Ponce de Leon’s 1513 route to Florida.

9 Hernando de Soto Explores the Southeast In 1539, Hernando de Soto landed near modern Tampa with an army of 700 to explore the Southeast and locate the fabled cities of gold. Three years of exploration were marked by nearly constant conflict with the Native tribes and disease that reduced his army by half. In 1542, de Soto himself died of disease in modern Alabama forcing the survivors of his party to escape to the Gulf of Mexico on rafts. Despite the failure to secure riches for Spain, de Soto’s expedition was the most significant exploration of the American mainland to date. Contact with the European explorers introduced the devastating disease smallpox to Native populations that had no natural immunity. De Soto’s exploration of the Southeast

10 Coronado Explores the Southwest 1540 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, with an army of 1100, began to explore the Southwest in search of treasure Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, with an army of 1100, began to explore the Southwest in search of treasure. Although Coronado traveled as far as modern Kansas, he found no treasure causing Spain to lose interest in the region. Although Coronado traveled as far as modern Kansas, he found no treasure causing Spain to lose interest in the region. Coronado’s expedition devastated the Pueblo population. Coronado’s expedition devastated the Pueblo population. Some later Anasazi groups built majestic cliff dwellings. This photo shows the largest of these structures, the Cliff Palace, at Mesa Verde National Park. Strictly speaking, it was not a palace, but rather a village.

European Colonization Like the French, the Dutch focused on the fur trade Like the French, the Dutch focused on the fur trade Sent only a few men to settlements Sent only a few men to settlements Found Albany (New York, 1614) on Hudson River Found Albany (New York, 1614) on Hudson River New Netherland (becomes New York) is an extension of the Dutch global trade system New Netherland (becomes New York) is an extension of the Dutch global trade system Dutch & French form alliances with Native Americans—increase warfare. Dutch & French form alliances with Native Americans—increase warfare.

Explorers Sailing For The Netherlands Henry Hudson - English sailing for the Dutch - Searching for Northwest Passage - Claimed Hudson River - Settlers established New Netherlands (New York) Henry Hudson - English sailing for the Dutch - Searching for Northwest Passage - Claimed Hudson River - Settlers established New Netherlands (New York)

Jamestown – 1607 Jamestown – % death rate 70% death rate Gold?  Tobacco Gold?  Tobacco 1st permanent settlement 1st permanent settlement Hudson Bay—1610 Hudson Bay—1610 Year after sailing for Dutch Henry Hudson explores the Hudson Bay in Canada Year after sailing for Dutch Henry Hudson explores the Hudson Bay in Canada James, Duke of York – 1664 James, Duke of York – 1664 ousts Dutch (New York) ousts Dutch (New York) English colonists English colonists 1.3M by M by 1750

Explorers Sailing For The English Henry Hudson – English claims Hudson Bay in Canada—1510 Henry Hudson – English claims Hudson Bay in Canada—1510 Sir Walter Raleigh – English establishes Roanoke. England’s First Attempt in America leads to Failure—1585 Sir Walter Raleigh – English establishes Roanoke. England’s First Attempt in America leads to Failure—1585 John Smith–English was one of 105 settlers who sailed from England on December 19, 1606, and landed in Virginia on April 26, Settlers established Jamestown on May 24, 1607; it became the first permanent English settlement in North America—1607 John Smith–English was one of 105 settlers who sailed from England on December 19, 1606, and landed in Virginia on April 26, Settlers established Jamestown on May 24, 1607; it became the first permanent English settlement in North America—1607

explorers

Competition in North America Heats Up… Seven Years’ War 1756 Seven Years’ War 1756 Competing Powers: Britain and France Competing Powers: Britain and France Clashed all over the world Clashed all over the world French and Indian War French and Indian War In the middle of the 18th century, France and England had competing claims for land in North America. The French held trapping and trade routes in the Ohio Valley. The English colonies were encroaching on French territory as the population grew. They also competed over trade issues with the Native Americans in the disputed region. In the middle of the 18th century, France and England had competing claims for land in North America. The French held trapping and trade routes in the Ohio Valley. The English colonies were encroaching on French territory as the population grew. They also competed over trade issues with the Native Americans in the disputed region. Treaty of Paris 1763 ended the world wide war Treaty of Paris 1763 ended the world wide war Gave British dominance in North America Gave British dominance in North America France’s domination in Canada and land west of the Mississippi was lost. France’s domination in Canada and land west of the Mississippi was lost. Rather see the British take over their land west of the Mississippi France made a deal with Spain, right before the Treaty of Paris was signed, given them the land! Rather see the British take over their land west of the Mississippi France made a deal with Spain, right before the Treaty of Paris was signed, given them the land!