Analyze the size of Europe – both its mass and population Analyze the impact of climate on the culture and society of Europe. Analyze the language of Europe. Differentiate between the different regions of Europe.

2 nd smallest continent in area 3 rd largest continent in population – Over 700 million people live here Consists of 48 countries – Kosovo was the latest one to become a nation Feb Conventionally known as "Europa“ – Europa was the daughter of Phoenix in Greek mythology. – Some say it is possibly from "Ereb", a Phoenician word for sunset.

Eurasia, the world’s largest landmass. – Eurasia is composed of two continents: Europe and Asia – Russia and Turkey are located on both continents. One-fourth of Russia is in Europe. One –twentieth of Turkey is Europe (Thrace vs. Anatolia) The Ural Mountains divide Europe and Asia. Europe is one big peninsula attached to Asia – A peninsula is land that has water on three sides – Many peninsulas & bays have allowed Europe to become a shipping industry powerhouse

Population density-It is the average number of people living in a square mile or kilometer. – Most European countries have a high population density – Russia has a low population density

Population of Europe Which country in Western Europe do you think is the most densely populated? – The Netherlands with 1,254 people per square mile. – Belgium, just below the Netherlands, is the second most densely populated, with 887 people per square mile. How densely populated is the United States? – 84 people per square mile

URAL MOUNTAINS

Begins in the Gulf of Mexico Responsible for the moderating climate of Western Europe Keeps winters warmer than other places at the same latitude

Affect the rainfall in an area. Areas west of mountains receive heavy rainfall Areas on the leeward side of a mountain are in a rain shadow. – Rain shadow- area on the dry sheltered side of a mountain, which receives little rainfall

United Kingdom is a great example. – Average temperature of U.K. is 51˚F. Mild climate from North Atlantic Current The current allows England to have vineyards at the same latitude that Canada has polar bears. Wait a minute! I’m close to the same latitude.

Germanic Languages (200 million speakers) – German, English, Dutch, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Icelandic Romance Languages (200 million speakers) – Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Romanian – Southern Europe Slavic Languages (80 million speakers) – Largest family of European languages ( – Polish, Czech, Slovakian, Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian, Slovenian, Russian Roman Catholic countries use Latin alphabet; Eastern Orthodox countries use Cyrillic (Greek) alphabet

Region – locations that share certain characteristics – Physical geography – landforms, climate – Cultural characteristics – language, religion, traditions and rituals Europe may be divided into 5 regions – The British Isles, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe

Scandinavian: Norway, Sweden, and part of Finland Jutland: Denmark Iceland: Nordic island country

Scandinavian Peninsula Iceland Jutland

 The country of Denmark is on the peninsula of Jutland.

Steep, narrow, u- shaped valley that is carved out by a glacier; used for sea travel Found commonly along Norway’s coast. Fjords provide great harbors for fishing

Iberian Peninsula: Spain and Portugal The Apennine Peninsula: Italy The Balkan Peninsula: Greece – The former Yugoslavian Nations are located on the Balkan Peninsula, but culturally they align with Eastern Europe

Iberian Apennine Balkan

During the final stages of World War II the future of Europe was decided between the Allies in the 1945 Yalta Conference – British Prime Minister Winston Churchill – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt – Premier of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin

Post-war Europe would be divided into two major spheres: – the West, influenced by the United States, – the Eastern Bloc, influenced by the Soviet Union. With the onset of the Cold War, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain

Consists of the following nine countries: – Austria – Belgium – France – Germany – Liechtenstein – Luxembourg – Monaco – Netherlands – Switzerland High-income Developed countries, Democratic political systems, Mixed economies combining the free market with aspects of the welfare state Most are members of NATO and the EU.

MONACO

Belgium Netherlands Luxembourg

Includes the countries that broke from the USSR The common feature of these countries was their socio-economic system: – COMMUNISM Before 1989 Eastern Europe included: – USSR – German Democratic Republic (East Germany) – Poland – Czechoslovakia – Hungary – Romania – Bulgaria – Yugoslavia

Mediterranean Sea North Sea Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Black Sea Aegean Sea Adriatic Sea Bay of Biscay Strait of Gibraltar Dardanelles Strait Arctic Ocean English Channel Caspian Sea Norwegian Sea

Capitals on the Rivers London on the Thames RiverParis on the bank of the Seine River Prague on the VltavaBudapest on the Danube

Capitals on the Rivers Moscow on the Moscow River Berlin on the Spree Rome on the Tiber Vienna on the Danube