Closed Drainage & Suction System

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Presentation transcript:

Closed Drainage & Suction System 흉부외과 최 주 원

Indications for Tube Drainage 1. Pneumothorax (1) Spontaneous (Primary, Secondary) (2) Open pneumothorax (3) Tension pneumothorax (4) Iatrogenic (CV catherization, thoracentesis, pleural biopsy, positive pressure ventilation) 2. Hemothorax 3. Empyema 4. Pleural effusion 5. Chylothorax 6. Postoperative Drainage (Cardiac / Thoracic)

Principles of Tube Management Monitoring - Early and daily chest radiographs - Nature and volume of air leak and fluid drainage 2. Clamping of the chest tube 3. Functional status of the tube 4. Maintenance of patency - Milking and stripping - Irrigation 5. Avoidance of dependent loops 6. Airtightness of the system

Air leak (-) : air leak이 없음. () : 뚜렷한 air leak은 없으나, air-fluid level의 fluctuation이 있음. (+) : 기침 시에 air leak이 소량 있음. (++) : 호기 시에 air leak이 소량 있음. (+++) : 호기 시에 air leak이 상당히 있음. (++++) : 호기와 흡기 모두에서 air leak 있음.

Thoraic catheter Chest tube - straight / angled - 16 ~ 32 (40) Fr O.D. - 30 Fr = 1 cm (대략) 2. Thoracic troc(h)ar - 10 ~ 12 Fr 3. 그 외, 16 or 18 gauge angiocath. Central venous catheter 10 or 12 Fr suction catheter 등등

잠시 머리 쥐나는 이야기.. Volume flow rate (laminar flow) V = r4P/8lv Volume flow rate (turbulent flow) v = 2r5P/fl ¼ inch(6 mm) : 15 L of air /min ½ inch(12 mm) : 50 ~ 60 L of air /min

하면 안 되는 Chicken action 1

One bottle system Simple하지만, Drainage 양이 많으면 underwater seal pressure가 증가하게 된다. 이 높이(H1)는 환자가 흡기 시에도 공기의 역류를 방지하는 water seal의 작용을 하지만, drain의 저항으로 작용하는 수압의 크기이다.

H1

Two-bottle passive system Drainage 양에 의한 water seal pressure 변동이 없다.

H1

Two-bottle active system Water seal pressure가 변한다는 단점을 가지고 있다. (H1이 변화하여, H2-H1의 압력도 변화함.) 기존의 병원에서 사용하던 system이다. 이 높이는 E에서 작용하는 압력이 일정 수준 이상이라며, 일정하게 B&C bottle에 음압으로 작용하게 되는 압력이다. H2 H1 결론적으로 A에 걸리는 압력은 (H2 – H1)이 된다. (cmH2O)

H2 H1

Three-bottle system 현재 가장 보편적으로 사용되는 system이다. H2 H1 A에 작용하는 압력은 H1-H2가 된다.

H1 H2

Possible complication of Tube thoracostomy 1. Misplacement of the chest tube (1) Tube in the soft tissues of the chest wall (2) Tube in the wrong pleural space (3) Injury to intrathoracic structures : lung, diaphragm (4) Abdominal placement of the tube 2. Hemorrhage (1) Cutaneous (2) Intercostal arteries (3) Injury to SVC, IVC, heart 3. Surgical emphysema 4. Emphyema 5. Re-expansion pulmonary edema 6. Intercostal neuralgia 7. 기타…

Tube pullback in the soft tissue