Starter: Review Questions (use your notes or textbook—answer in complete sentences!) 1.Identify the impact of Marco Polo on the Age of Exploration? (Hint: What did he do to make people want to explore?!) 2.What inventions or technologies from the Middle Ages supported sea travel/exploration? 3.Why do you think Europeans wanted to explore new areas in the Age of Exploration?

AGE OF EXPLORATION (1400S-1700S) Result of the Crusades and the demand for spices; Europeans began exploring various parts of the world in the 1400's and carried European culture to the rest of the world.

Motives for Exploration and Expansion Search for new trade routes wanted to find a quicker way to Asia Desire for new products Crusades and travels of Marco Polo stimulated an interest in Asian goods Technology improved that allowed overseas exploration; gunpowder allowed Europeans to dominate Religion Christian rulers wanted to spread religion

Effects Native American civilizations destroyed European diseases killed millions of Native Americans European powers built extensive overseas empires Large numbers of Europeans moved to Americas Native American crops (corn, potato, tomato) brought to Europe [Colombian Exchange] Demand for African slaves increased Capitalism expanded with growth of trade Cultural exchanges occurred [cultural diffusion]

“Age of Exploration” Infographic Navigate to the Age of Exploration Infographic on history.com. Based on what you see in the infographic, explain why explorers may have taken these voyages despite the dangers. 15 minutes

Christopher Columbus Accidentally found America while looking for a westward route to Asia Funded by Queen Isabella of Spain His voyages considered a turning point in history

Vasco da Gama Portuguese explorer Discovered an all- water route from Europe to India Brought spices back to Portugal and made huge profits—leading others to make similar trips

Ferdinand Magellan Spanish explorer Convinced king of Spain to fund a trip to sail to Asia through the Western Hemisphere First person credited with circumnavigating the world (even though he was killed in the Philippines and never actually finished the voyage)

Hernan Cortes Conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1519 Conquistador: Spanish conqueror who was trained in firearms Wanted to convert Natives to Catholicism “God, glory, and gold”

Francisco Pizarro Conquistador Conquered the Inca Empire in Peru in 1833 Steel weapons and smallpox

Columbian Exchange Exchange of plants and animals between Europe and conquered lands Impacted the economies of both areas Encomienda system: gave Spanish settlers in the Americas the right to use Natives as laborers Protection was supposed to be provided Resulted in forced labor, starvation, and disease

Rivalries The Portuguese and the Spanish were the first great explorers. By the end of the 1600s many other European countries were exploring. Dutch in India, North America, Caribbean French took Canada and Louisiana English settlers forming colonies in North American (Virginia and Massachusetts Bay)

Starter Answer all questions in complete sentences. p 431 European Voyages of Discovery #1-2 p 436 The Columbian Exchange and International Trade #1-2

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade 1500s to 1800s

Causes Europeans wanted cheap labor for work in the Americas Due to the demands of the agricultural economies of the New World Mercantilism: economic idea that states you must sell more than you buy (creating a favorable balance of trade)

Development of the Slave Trade Slavery was a practice in many places around the world prior to the slave trade Most domestic servants in Europe had been from Southwest Asia or Africa After the discover of the Americas, demand for slaves increased in Africa Plantations (large agricultural estates) needed larger amounts of slaves to work the land Native populations decreased OR ran away

Triangular Trade Connection between Europe, Africa, and the Americas European goods traveled to Africa African slaves were trades for these European goods African slaves then transported to Americas and sold European merchants then bought goods in the Americas and shipped them back to Europe

The Middle Passage Portion of the triangular trade from Africa to Americas known for large numbers of death Disease often killed others upon arrival in the Americas

Effects Encouraged African warfare tribes went to war with other tribes to obtain slaves to trade for guns Disrupted African culture it created a legacy of violence, bitterness and social upheaval Increased cultural diffusion Slaves brought their songs and culture to New World Prejudice against Africans

Colonies in Latin America Map on page 445 Analyze map and answer the “Geography Skills” questions in your notes (complete sentences)

Social Classes in Latin America Peninsulares: Spanish or Portuguese officials born in Europe Creoles: descendants of Europeans who were born in Latin America (2 nd generation) Multiracial groups: Mestizos: European and Native American Mulattoes: European and African Lowest level were enslaved persons or conquered Natives

Economics Gold and silver created profits for the Spanish and Portuguese in their Latin American colonies Farming was longer lasting Natives worked land under the encomienda system Trade included gold, silver, sugar, tobacco, diamonds, and animal hide European goods were also sold to colonists

Review/Assessment Title a BLANK sheet of paper, “The Triangular Trade” Draw a visual triangle to represent the trade network this term refers to. You must explain the goods traded on each “leg” of the triangle. Identify the Middle Passage on your visual Underneath the visual, you must summarize the impact that this trade network had on each area involved.

EXPLORATION REVIEW TIME =]

There were many advancements during the Age of Exploration. Which led to the development of the Americas? A.Better farming technology B.Better printing technology C.Better sailing technology D.Better military technology

Which factor influenced the settlement of coastal regions of west Africa during the Age of Exploration? A.Economic opportunity B.European overpopulation C.Diplomatic relations D.Physical geography of the coast

Which is an effect of European exploration to the Americas? A.Europeans became dependent on crops from the Americas. B.The bubonic plague spread throughout Europe. C.European diseases caused millions of deaths among American Indians. D.Raw materials from America became very expensive due to scarcity.

How was European society affected by the Crusades? A.Access to Asian luxury goods were severely limited by war. B.Invading Islamic armies destroyed farms and cities. C.Importation of Asian luxury goods created a greater interest in trade. D.Peasant rebellions diminished as the power of the Church grew.