Warm Up 1.After the heavy rains, the stream became murky; in fact, the water was so cloudy you couldn't see the bottom. a) cloudy b) bottomlessc) clear 2.The debris on the stadium floor included numerous paper cups, ticket stubs, and cigarette butts. a) productsb) papersc) trash 3.Although Alex usually looks unkempt, he had a very neat appearance at his job interview. a) orderly b) handsome c) messy 4.Our baseball team's pitcher has a few eccentric habits, such as throwing exactly thirteen warm-up pitches and never wearing socks. a) normal b) strangec) messy

Text Structures  What are they????

Text Structures  Chronological or Sequential  Cause and Effect  Problem and Solution  Compare and Contrast  Description

Create Foldable  MUST INCLUDE:  Text Structure  Definition  Key words  Graphic organizer  You may organize it how you want, but it MUST have these 4 pieces of information

Chronological / Sequential  Describes items or events in order or tells the steps to do or make something

Key Words:  First  Second  Next  Then  Before  Later  After  Finally  Following  Not long after  Now  Soon

Example  A chimpanzee’s body is made for climbing and swinging in the trees. First, it uses its long arms to reach a branch. Next, with its flexible hands and feet, it grabs and hooks on to the branch. Finally, it swings from that branch to another branch of tree.

Cause and Effect  Authors use cause and effect to show how one event leads to another  Cause is WHY something happened. Effect is WHAT happened.  Sometimes authors list the effect first, then the cause

Key Words:  Cause  Effect  As a result…  Consequently  So  Because  Since  Therefore  If … Then  This led to…  Reason why…  May be due to…  For this reason…

Example  Chimps live in groups and like each other a lot, but sometimes they fight. Because they don’t want to stay angry at each other after a fight, they make up by holding a hand out to the other and kissing. They show they are sorry with pats and hugs. Then the anger goes away.

Problem and Solution  When the author explains a problem and then gives one or more possible solutions (answers)

Key Words:  Problem  Solution  Propose  Conclude  Questions is…  Solution is…  The reason for…  To solve this…  One answer is…  One reason for the problem is…

Example  Wild chimpanzees are rapidly disappearing. Some people are trying to solve this problem. Otherwise, chimpanzees may one day exist only in zoos. People are trying to save the rain forests and woodlands where the chimps live from being cut down. It will take many people working together to solve this problem.

Compare and Contrast  Shows how two or more things are alike and/or how they are different

Key Words:  Same as…  Similar  Alike  As well as…  Not only…But also…  Both  Instead of…  Either…Or  On the other hand…  Different from…  Like  Unlike  As opposed to…

Example  Chimpanzees and humans are alike in many ways. A baby chimp laughs when its mother tickles it. After chimpanzees fight, they kiss and make up. When one chimpanzee comforts another, it gives it a hug or pat on the back. There are, of course, many ways that chimpanzees and humans are different. Chimpanzees are smaller and stronger than humans. An adult male chimpanzee stands three or four feet tall and weighs about 100 pounds. But a chimpanzee can lift more weight than a man who is six feet tall.

Description  Authors use this to describe a topic, idea, person, place, or thing by listing its features, characteristics, or examples

Key Words:  For instance…  Such as…  To begin with…  An example…  To illustrate…  Next to…  Other descriptive adjectives or phrases

Example  It is fun to read about chimpanzees. All wild chimpanzees live in Africa. They live mostly in thick rain forests and in woodlands. There are two types, or species, of chimpanzees— the common chimpanzee and the bonobo, also known as the pygmy chimpanzee.

Exit Ticket  Choose one type of text structure and write a paragraph in that structure on the topic of…COOKIES  Chronological / Sequential  Cause / Effect  Problem / Solution  Compare / Contrast  Description

 Most people have had red pizza, or pizza covered with red sauce, but have you ever had white pizza? White pizza is made in almost the same way as red pizza: the dough rises and is rolled out, toppings are applied, and it is cooked in an oven—but the key difference is that white pizza does not have any tomato sauce on it. Instead, a white pizza may have olive oil or no sauce at all. I like white pizza more than red pizza because you can really taste the ingredients. Adding some fresh tomatoes to a white pizza will give it that tomato flavor without the completely overwhelming taste of the red sauce that covers most pizzas. If you have not had a white pizza, I recommend that you order or make one today.

 The foundation of every pizza is the crust, and good crust comes from good dough. You might be surprised to learn that pizza dough is made from nothing more than flour, water, yeast, olive oil, salt, and sometimes sugar. Start by adding your yeast packet to a cup of warm water. Let the yeast activate, and then add two cups of flour, two tablespoons of olive oil, two teaspoons of sugar, and a teaspoon of salt. Mix all of that together and wait half an hour for the dough to rise. Now you’re ready to roll it out!

 Cooking the perfect pizza at home can be quite a challenge. You may find that it’s difficult to get your oven to the right temperature. If the oven is too hot the crust will burn, become hard, and taste bad. If your oven isn’t hot enough, the crust may get soggy. Even at the perfect temperature, extra moisture from your ingredients may prevent the bottom of the crust from fully cooking, but don’t let oven temperature stop you from building the pizza of your dreams. Get yourself a pizza stone. A pizza stone will get very hot when preheated and will allow your crust to fully cook without burning it. Then you can pile the ingredients on your pizza and have a crispy crust that isn’t burned. That’s the way to go.

 Pizza is often viewed as a junk food, and it is true that some pizzas are high in salt, fat, and calories, but there may also be some benefit to eating pizza. Some studies have found that lycopene, an antioxidant that exists in tomato products that are often used in pizza, may prevent some forms of cancer. Dr. Silvano Gallus, of the Mario Negri Institute for Pharmaceutical Research in Milan, studied the eating habits of people who developed cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and colon. He concluded that people who ate pizza at least once a week had significantly less chance of developing these cancers. Here's to your health.

 Jimmy's pizzeria is my favorite pizza place in the city, but you wouldn't be able to tell that just by looking at the outside. It is an inconspicuous brown brick building. It doesn't even have a sign, just the name of the establishment in three-inch letters on the storefront window. The inside isn't much to speak of either. There are some chrome swivel stools along a laminate countertop that makes an L shape, separating the register and kitchen area from the dining area. Booth seating lines the eating area of the restaurant area and a few favorable reviews from local publications are framed and displayed on the walls. Yeah, the aesthetics of the place are a little underwhelming, but forget the scenery. I go to Jimmy's for the pizza.