Do Now List as many living things as you observe, then list as many non living things as you observe. What does it mean to be alive? How do you determine if something is living or nonliving?

Living vs. Nonliving Things

Biology studyThe study of life to understand the living world Biologists use the scientific method to study living things

CharacteristicExamples Living things are made up of units called cells. Living things reproduce. Living things are based on a universal genetic code. Living things grow and develop. Living things obtain and use materials and energy. Living things respond to their environment. Living things maintain a stable internal environment. Taken as a group, living things change over time. Many microorganisms consist of only a single cell. Animals and trees are multicellular. Maple trees reproduce sexually. A hydra can reproduce asexually by budding. Flies produce flies. Dogs produce dogs. Seeds from maple trees produce maple trees. Flies begin life as eggs, then become maggots, and then become adult flies. Plants obtain their energy from sunlight. Animals obtain their energy from the food they eat. Leaves and stems of plants grow toward light. Despite changes in the temperature of the environment, a robin maintains a constant body temperature. Plants that live in the desert survive because they have become adapted to the conditions of the desert.

Cells A collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundingsA collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings Smallest unit of life, but very complex and organizedSmallest unit of life, but very complex and organized Unicellular organisms consist of only a single cellUnicellular organisms consist of only a single cell Plants and animals are multicellular organisms, having many cells of different sizes and shapes, and sometimes different functionsPlants and animals are multicellular organisms, having many cells of different sizes and shapes, and sometimes different functions

Reproduction All organisms produce new organisms Sexual reproduction = two cells from 2 parents unite to form the fist cell of a new organism Asexual reproduction = a portion from a single parent breaks off and produces a new organism

Genetic Code Offspring resemble their parents With asexual reproduction, offspring and parents have the same traits With sexual reproduction, offspring differ from their parents in some ways within limits

GENETIC CODE ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN UNICELLULAR ORGNAISMSIN UNICELLULAR ORGNAISMS IN MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMSIN MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS OFFSPRING GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO THE PARENTS SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OFFSPRING NOT GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO THE PARENTS SOURCE OF VARIATION *REPRODUCTION IS NECESSARY FOR THE SURVIVAL OF THE SPECIES, NOT THE INDIVIDUAL ORGANISM

Genetic Code DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic code that determines the inherited traits of almost every organismDNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic code that determines the inherited traits of almost every organism

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE BASED ON A UNIVERAL GENETIC CODE THE COMMON GENETIC CODE

Growth and Development Life cycles: a pattern of growth and change that occurs over the organism’s lifetime During growth, cells increase in size or number During development, cells increase in number and become different or differentiate Growth and Development-Time Lapse

Energy and Materials Need energy and materials to grow, develop, reproduce and stay aliveNeed energy and materials to grow, develop, reproduce and stay alive Metabolism = combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processesMetabolism = combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes Different organisms obtain energy from their surroundings in different waysDifferent organisms obtain energy from their surroundings in different ways

Response to Environment Every organism responds to their constantly changing environment in different ways (Ex. Responding to light, water, temperature, seasons)Every organism responds to their constantly changing environment in different ways (Ex. Responding to light, water, temperature, seasons) 4 Seasons in 40 seconds4 Seasons in 40 seconds4 Seasons in 40 seconds4 Seasons in 40 seconds

Internal Balance Homeostasis: the process organisms use to keep their internal conditions relatively stable Homeostasis: the process organisms use to keep their internal conditions relatively stable Homeostasis is constantly being threatened by changes in the environment Homeostasis is constantly being threatened by changes in the environment If homeostasis is disrupted in a major way, an organism cannot survive. If homeostasis is disrupted in a major way, an organism cannot survive.

Evolve As a group, any organism can evolve or change over timeAs a group, any organism can evolve or change over time Changes may not seem significant over a few generations, but may be dramatic over hundred or thousands of yearsChanges may not seem significant over a few generations, but may be dramatic over hundred or thousands of years The ability of organisms to change over time is invaluable for survival in a world that is always changing.The ability of organisms to change over time is invaluable for survival in a world that is always changing.

The Characteristics of Life Living things are made up of units called cells.Living things are made up of units called cells. Living things reproduce.Living things reproduce. Living things are based on a universal genetic code.Living things are based on a universal genetic code. Living things grow and develop.Living things grow and develop. Living things obtain and use materials and energy.Living things obtain and use materials and energy. Living things respond to their environment.Living things respond to their environment. Living things maintain a stable internal environment.Living things maintain a stable internal environment. Taken as a group, living things change over timeTaken as a group, living things change over time

Branches of Biology Zoology = Botany = Ethology = Palenotology = Study of animals Study of plants Study of animal behavior Study of prehistoric life

Quick Activity Put the following in order from smallest to largest: BiosphereMolecule Atom Ecosystem PopulationCommunity IndividualOrgan system TissueCell OrganOrganelle

Levels of Organization Biology can be studied based on different branches or different levels of organization Biology can be studied based on different branches or different levels of organization Each level is a system made up of smaller parts and may be part of a larger system. Each level is a system made up of smaller parts and may be part of a larger system. The levels include molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems and the biosphere The levels include molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems and the biosphere