Size comparison chart 1 mm or 1000  m 0.1 mm or 100  m 10  m YOUR MICROSCOPE

Sizes of organisms at Zuma Beach macroscopic microscopic 15 m 2 m 50 cm 5 cm 1 mm 50  m

Your microscope is used to observe things that are less than 1.0 mm (1000  m) but more than 0.01 mm (10  m)

Parts of your microscope photograph test diagram

Test : Q Give correct name Q Tell the function

Eyepiece lens

THE EYEPIECE LENS MAGNIFIES 10x (IT WORKS AS A TEAM WITH THE OBJECTIVE LENSES BELOW)

Eyepiece lens Body Tube

Eyepiece lens Body Tube THE BODY TUBE HOLDS THE EYEPIECE LENS AT THE PROPER FOCAL DISTANCE TO WORK WITH THE OBJECTIVE LENSES

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot THE EYEPIECE PIVOT ALLOWS YOU TO ROTATE THE EYEPIECE SO ANOTHER PERSON CAN VIEW WITHOUT MOVING THE WHOLE MICROSCOPE (which could move the specimen out of the field of view)

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece THE REVOLVING NOSEPIECE ALLOWS YOU TO CHANGE BETWEEN THE LOW, MEDIUM, AND HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE LENSES

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Objective lenses

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Objective lenses : low medium high THE MEDIUM POWER OBJECTIVE LENS magnifies an additional 10x THE HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE LENS magnifies an additional 40x THE LOW POWER OBJECTIVE LENS magnifies an additional 4X

10x 40x 4x TOTAL MAGNIFICATION Low power objective lens 4 X 10 = 40x Medium power objective lens 10 X 10 = 100x High power objective lens 40 X 10 = 400x

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Objective lenses Stage

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Stage Medium power objective lens High power objective lens Low power objective lens The stage is used to hold the microscope slide for viewing.

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Stage Medium power objective lens High power objective lens Low power objective lens NEVER PLACE SPECIMENS ON THE STAGE WITHOUT USING A MICROSCOPE SLIDE !

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Objective lenses Stage Substage diaphragm

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Stage Medium power objective lens High power objective lens Low power objective lens The substage diaphragm is used to adjust the amount of light passing through the slide. Substage diaphragm

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Objective lenses Stage Substage diaphragm Light source

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Stage Medium power objective lens High power objective lens Low power objective lens Substage diaphragm Light source On/off switch

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Objective lenses Stage Substage diaphragm Light source On/off switch Arm

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Stage Medium power objective lens High power objective lens Low power objective lens Substage diaphragm Light source On/off switch Arm The arm is used to carry the microscope

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Objective lenses Stage Substage diaphragm Light source On/off switch Arm Coarse adjustment knob

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Stage Medium power objective lens High power objective lens Low power objective lens Substage diaphragm Light source On/off switch Arm The coarse adjustment knob is used to focus using low or medium power Coarse adjustment knob

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Stage Medium power objective lens High power objective lens Low power objective lens Substage diaphragm Light source On/off switch Arm DO NOT USE THE COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB FOR HIGH POWER ! Coarse adjustment knob

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Objective lenses Stage Substage diaphragm Light source On/off switch Arm Coarse adjustment knob Fine adjustment knob

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Stage Medium power objective lens High power objective lens Low power objective lens Substage diaphragm Light source On/off switch Arm The fine adjustment knob is used to focus and is THE ONLY KNOB FOR HIGH POWER Coarse adjustment knob Fine adjustment knob

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Stage Medium power objective lens High power objective lens Low power objective lens Substage diaphragm Light source On/off switch Arm HINT: don’t turn your fine adjustment knob more than 1 or 2 turns if you are using it with low or medium power. Coarse adjustment knob Fine adjustment knob

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Objective lenses Stage Substage diaphragm Light source On/off switch Arm Coarse adjustment knob Fine adjustment knob Base

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Stage Medium power objective lens High power objective lens Low power objective lens Substage diaphragm Light source On/off switch Arm The base is used to carry the microscope Coarse adjustment knob Fine adjustment knob Base

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Objective lenses Stage Substage diaphragm Light source On/off switch Arm Coarse adjustment knob Fine adjustment knob Base Stage clips

Eyepiece lens Body Tube Eyepiece pivot Revolving nosepiece Stage Medium power objective lens High power objective lens Low power objective lens Substage diaphragm Light source On/off switch Arm STAGE CLIPS: USE FOR PERMANENTLY MOUNTED SLIDES ONLY DO NOT USE FOR PLANKTON Coarse adjustment knob Fine adjustment knob Base Stage clips

Test : Q Give correct name Q Tell the function

1. ALWAYS CLEAR YOUR DESK - NO BOOKS, NO BACKPACKS, NO BAGS; (Data sheets and plankton booklets are OKAY)

2. ALWAYS CARRY YOUR MICROSCOPE WITH TWO HANDS: ONE HAND ON THE ARM of the microscope ONE HAND UNDER THE BASE ( MICROSCOPE IN THE UPRIGHT POSITION.) Courtesy of Winona State University, Minnesota

3. ALWAYS BEGIN AND END ON LOW POWER. (move the stage up close to the objective lens to start)

4. USE LENS PAPER ONLY FOR CLEANING LENSES (Do not use paper towels, rags, or your clothing) Lens paper (on front desk) Microscope slides (in rear sink) Cover slips (on front desk)

5. Proper starting technique: 1- LOW power, stage up close to objective lens 2- Get maximum light 3- Center object directly under lens 4- Focus slowly

6- Steps for using high power: 1-Place a cover slip on your specimen. Cover slips (on front desk) plankton

6- Steps for using high power: 1-Place a cover glass on your specimen. 2- Scan under LOW to find specimen. 3- Center and focus object under LOW. 4- Revolve nosepiece and "click" medium power objective lens into place. 5- Center and focus object under medium 6- Revolve nosepiece and "click" high power objective lens into place. 7- Center and focus object under high power. Use FINE adjustment knob only. 8- Return to LOW power for next specimen.

RULES QUIZ: 33. This quiz is about using your _________________. 34. Your desk must be ________________ before using a microscope : Name the two microscope parts that are used when carrying a microscope : Name the two parts of your body that are used when carrying a microscope. 39- Always begin and end with the __________ lens in place. 40- A microscope is required to view specimens smaller than__________. 41- The __________ _____________ knob may be used with any objective lens. 42- The __________ _____________ knob is the only one to use with the high power objective lens. 43- If the eyepiece lens is 20x and the objective lens is 10x, what is the total magnification? 44- What is the only thing to use if you have a dirty lens? 45- A __________ _____________ must be placed on specimens before the high power objective lens is used : Name two lenses that have a 10x magnification. 48- If you know you will need high power magnification, which lens should you use first ?

FIELD WHEN YOU LOOK INTO A MICROSCOPE YOU WILL SEE A CIRCULAR AREA OF LIGHT. THIS IS CALLED THE “FIELD OF VIEW,” OR SIMPLY, THE MICROSCOPE “FIELD.”

FIELD DIAMETER WHEN YOU MEASURE SPECIMENS UNDER A MICROSCOPE YOU WILL NEED TO KNOW THE FIELD DIAMETER FOR EACH OF YOUR 3 OBJECTIVE LENSES.

4.5 mm (4,500  m) MEMORIZE YOUR LOW POWER FIELD DIAMETER

1.8 mm (1,800  m) MEMORIZE YOUR MEDIUM POWER FIELD DIAMETER

0.45 mm (450  m) MEMORIZE YOUR HIGH POWER FIELD DIAMETER

ALL 3 LENSES TARGET THE CENTER !! YOU SEE THIS MUCH WITH LOW POWER...MEDIUM POWER...HIGH POWER

HOW LONG IS THIS FISH LARVA ? Low power

HOW LONG IS THIS FISH LARVA ? Low power 4.5 mm or 4500  m Approximately the same as the diameter of the field.

HOW LONG IS THIS CALANOID COPEPOD ? Low power

HOW LONG IS THIS CALANOID COPEPOD ? Low power /3 rd of the field diameter, or 1.5 mm (1500  m)

THE SAME CALANOID COPEPOD IF VIEWED UNDER MEDIUM POWER Medium power Specimen is slightly less than the field diameter, still 1.5 mm (1500  m) Field diameter 1.8  m (1800 mm)

HOW LONG IS THIS Coscinodiscus ? Medium power

HOW LONG IS THIS Coscinodiscus ? Medium power /9 th of the field diameter, or 0.2 mm (200  m) Diameter = 1.8 mm or 1800  m Approximately 9 cells would fit across the diameter

HOW LONG IS ONE Lingulodinium ? high power

HOW LONG IS ONE Lingulodinium ? high power Approximately 10 cells would fit across the diameter Diameter = 0.45 mm or 450  m 1/10 th of the field diameter, or mm (45  m)

S U M M A R Y : HOW DO YOU CALCULATE THE SIZE OF A SPECIMEN UNDER YOUR MICROSCOPE?

S U M M A R Y : HOW DO YOU CALCULATE THE SIZE OF A SPECIMEN UNDER YOUR MICROSCOPE? 1. MEMORIZE THE 3 FIELD DIAMETERS LOW = 4.5 mm, or 4,500  m MEDIUM = 1.8 mm, or 1,800  m HIGH = 0.45 mm, or 450  m

S U M M A R Y : HOW DO YOU CALCULATE THE SIZE OF A SPECIMEN UNDER YOUR MICROSCOPE? 1. MEMORIZE THE 3 FIELD DIAMETERS LOW = 4.5 mm, or 4,500  m MEDIUM = 1.8 mm, or 1,800  m HIGH = 0.45 mm, or 450  m 2. ESTIMATE WHAT FRACTION OF THE FIELD DIAMETER YOUR SPECIMEN IS. (HOW MANY SPECIMENS WOULD FIT END-TO-END)

S U M M A R Y : HOW DO YOU CALCULATE THE SIZE OF A SPECIMEN UNDER YOUR MICROSCOPE? 1. MEMORIZE THE 3 FIELD DIAMETERS LOW = 4.5 mm, or 4,500  m MEDIUM = 1.8 mm, or 1,800  m HIGH = 0.45 mm, or 450  m 2. ESTIMATE WHAT FRACTION OF THE FIELD DIAMETER YOUR SPECIMEN IS, (OR FIND HOW MANY SPECIMENS WOULD FIT END-TO-END) 3. MULTIPLY THAT FRACTION TIMES THE FIELD DIAMETER (OR DIVIDE THE NUMBER THAT FIT INTO THE FIELD DIAMETER)

QUIZ: Tell the LENGTH (maximum dimension) of ONE specimen. Give answers in both mm and  m. [H = high; M = med; L = low] LM H M H L

T H E E N D