Greek Mythology. What is a myth? A story which explains the history, rituals, or beliefs of a society A story by which ancient people attempted to account.

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Presentation transcript:

Greek Mythology

What is a myth? A story which explains the history, rituals, or beliefs of a society A story by which ancient people attempted to account for things which they experienced – Ie. If the sun moves across the sky during the day, something must be pulling it, just as earthly horses pull a chariot A myth is entirely imaginative

Apollo pulling the sun

What is the difference between a Myth and a Legend? Both deal with the same supernatural figures, but a myth is purely imaginative while a legend is based on historical truth A legend has a hero who performs wonderful deeds – the stories originated from the deeds of men, but through the re-telling have become exaggerated beyond the realms of possibility

Creation Myth I. Chaos: unending nothingness A.Gaia: the earth B.Eros: love C.Gaia gave birth to Uranus: the sky

Gaia (mother earth)

Eros

Uranus

D. Gaia + Uranus 1. Hecatoncheires – 3 Hundred handed giants: fifty heads, a hundred arms 2. Cyclops: one enormous eye in the middle of their forehead 3.Titans: 12 majestic and beautiful forces of nature E. Uranus hated his children – banished them to the center of the earth (Tartarus) F. Gaia encouraged the Titans to rebel – sickle – Cronus agreed to help get rid of his father

Atlas

II. Cronus A.Youngest titan – made his siblings pledge he could rule B.Ambushed Uranus and slashed him with sickle 1.From his blood hitting the earth, sprang the Furies: relentless being who pursue and torment the guilty 2.From his body parts that hit the sea sprang Aphrodite – goddess of Love 3.Uranus retired to sky – never touched earth again C.Released the titans – not the others – became ruler D.Marries Rhea (his sister) E.Swallowed his children out of fear they will overthrow him

Cronus

Aphrodite

III. Zeus A. Sixth child of Rhea and Cronus B. Rhea tricked Cronus – he swallowed a rock C. Became Cronus’ cup bearer – gave him a drink that made him sick – puked up brothers and sisters and the rock D. Declared war on Titans – lasted 10 years E. Zeus released the cyclops and hundred- handed giants – turning point

Rhea gives Cronus a rock

Zeus with lightning bolt

F. Cyclops gave Zeus the thunderbolt G. Titans fled to the West H. Atlas, the leader of the titans, was caught – had to bear on his back the weight of the sky I. Gaia was furious at defeat of Titans – gave birth to Typhon: 300 foot arms, two serpents for legs, 100 snakes on his shoulders J. Typhon cut the sinews from Zeus’ hands and feet and hid them

Typhon

K. Pan came and rescued Zeus and refitted sinews L. Zeus threw Sicily at Typhon trapping him under the island M. Two titans, Prometheus (forethought) and Epimetheus (afterthought) joined Zeus

IV. Prometheus and Epimetheus A.Zeus created mortal creatures from earth and fire – Pro and Epi equipped them B. Began with animals – nothing left for man C. Pro stole fire from Mt. Olympus to give to man D. Pro’s punishment was to be staked to a rock and an eagle came every day and ate his liver, and every night a new liver grew back E. Pro refused to tell Zeus which one of his children would overthrow him

Prometheus’ punishment

V. Pandora’s Box A.Prometheus trapped all the evils of the world in a jar – Epimetheus was given the job of protecting the jar B.Zeus created Pandora (received a special gift from each god) to be a companion for Epi. C.Pandora was curious and opened the jar – evil was released into the world

Pandora opening the box

Release of evil into the world

VI. Division of the universe Zeus: lord of the sky; ruled from Mt. Olympus Hades: king of Tartarus (the underworld) Poseidon: ruler of the sea

Poseidon

Hades

VII. The Olympian Family A.Hera: queen of the gods; married to Zeus 1. very beautiful 2. has a tree which bears golden apples 3. not happily married – unfaithful husband 4. became the protector of honourable marriage

Hera

B. Athena 1.Daughter of Zeus and a Titaness named Metis 2.Zeus swallowed Metis whole – got a terrible headache – Athena sprang from his head fully armed 3.Goddess of war, wisdom, and justice 4.Invented the plough, the ship, the pot and the yoke 5.Very masculine appearance 6.Athens is named after her (Poseidon also wanted Athens – gave a horse, Athena gave the olive plant – she won)

Athena

Athena gives the olive tree

Parthenon