Byzantine Empire Chapter 8 Know: Five Pillars of Islam Show: Group share, Quiz

CONSTANTINOPLE -BYZANTIUM EMPIRE BUILT BY CONSTANTINE - AD FIRST CHRISTIAN EMPEROR BETWEEN BLACK SEA AND SEA OF MARMARA IN MODERN TURKEY BECAME BYZANTINE EMPIRE AFTER WEST ROME FELL EMPEROR WAS CONSIDERED HEAD OF STATE AND CHURCH JUSTINIAN CODES - LAWS –USED BY FRANCE, WESTERN EUROPE LATER ON –A GUIDE TO JUSTICE, PROPERTY, MARRIAGE, DIVORCE CITY FLOURISHED AND WITH STOOD FOES FOR 1000 YEARS –SMUGGLED SILKWORMS AND MULBERRY TREE SEEDS OUT OF CHINA –300,000 CITIZENS CHURCH SPLIT INTO ROMAN CATHOLIC IN THE WEST AND EASTERN ORTHODOX CENTERED IN CONSTANTINOPLE

To ponder: Be able to explain two reasons why the Roman Empire split into two Empires.

Byzantine Empire 6th Century

Emperor Justinian Empress Theodora 547 AD

A NEW FAITH - ISLAM (SURRENDER TO GOD) - MONOTHEISM AD - MUSLIMS MUHAMMAD - PROPHET HAD VISION OF ONE GOD ALLAH MUHAMMAD DIES AGE 62 KORAN - ISLAM HOLY BOOK - MUHAMMAD’S TEACHINGS 5 PILLARS –FAITH - MAKE STATEMENT OF FAITH –PRAYER - PRAY 5 TIMES DAILY FACING HOLY CITY OF MECCA KNEELING - FOREHEAD TO GROUND –ALMS - GIVING TO THE POOR –FASTING ONE MONTH DURING RAMADAN COULD NOT EAT AFTER SUNRISE - BEFORE SUNSET –PILGRIMAGE - MUST JOURNEY ONCE IN LIFETIME TO MECCA MOSQUE MUSLIM TEMPLE NO FORMAL PRIESTHOOD MAP P. 189

Byzantine Emperor, servantByzantine Empress, princess, servant

To explain: Be prepared to explain the 5 pillars of Islam.

Islam ISLAM SPREAD THROUGH WARS - BY 732 LARGE EMPIRE LEADER OF THE EMPIRE - CALIPHS - “SUCCESSORS TO THE PROPHETS” SPLIT IN ISLAM –SHI’ ITES MUSLUMS –SUNNI MUSLIM, (ORTHODOX ) BAGHDAD - TIGRIS RIVER –CENTER OF MUSLIM IN GOLDEN AGE –ROUND CITY - CENTERED AROUND CALIPH(LEADER) PALACE BY 1000 AD 100,000 PEOPLE MONEY USED THROUGHOUT EMPIRE –WOULD GIVE SOMEONE A “SAKK” –WORD “SAKK” PRONOUNCED CHECK IN EUROPE ARTS AND SCIENCES –ARABIC - COMMON LANGUAGE OF MUSLIM EMPIRE –SCIENCE CHEMICAL LABS TREATMENT OF DISEASE ASTROLABE- MATHEMATICS - AI-JABR- (ALGEBRA) ARABIC NUMERALS - “0” TOOK 0 FROM INDIA

Byzantine deacon, Bishop, officialByzantine Soldier, Chancellor

Opinion: What/Why was the most important contribution to the modern world from Arabic/Islam culture?

SLAVS / TURKS/ EMPIRES SLAVS ATTACKED CONSTANTINOPLE FROM THE NORTH 700’S AD – CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY - LEARNED THE BIBLE RUSSIAN KINGDOM 862 –CAPITAL CITY - NOVGOROD - NORTH BY FINLAND –LATER MOVED TO KIEV - MORE SOUTH –CONVERTED CHRISTIAN 945 AD - (EASTERN ORTHODOX) BYZANTINE CHRISTIAN TURKS –ATTACK ISLAMIC EMPIRE – 945 TOOK OVER BAGHDAD - REPLACED CALIPH WITH SULTAN (CALIPH ARE STILL RELIGIONS LEADER) SULTAN HELD ALL POLITICAL POWER SELJUK TURKS - CAPTURED BAGHDAD 1055 –CONVERT TO ISLAM –BEGAN BATTLES AGAINST BYZANTINES OTTOMANS - (TURKS FROM ASIA MINOR) 1350 BEGAN TO ATTACK CONSTANTINOPLE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE - FELL TO THE OTTOMANS MAY 28, 1453

To answer: By what means did Arabic/Islam use to spread its influence?