Questions to Consider… In your text it says, In your text it says, “ (B)y the time of Jackson, the “common man” was gloried in ordinariness and made mediocrity a virtue.” “ (B)y the time of Jackson, the “common man” was gloried in ordinariness and made mediocrity a virtue.” * Do you believe that ordinariness and mediocrity are still virtues today? Why or why not? Give examples. * What qualities do we seek in our president? Are mediocrity, ordinariness, and ability to speak to the common man a part of these qualities? Why or why not?

Transformation of Society- The Age of Jackson APUSH- / / 20

“ Aristocratic Republic” The national government was a mixture of principles and structures, consisting of parts that were under popular control and those that were not. The national government was a mixture of principles and structures, consisting of parts that were under popular control and those that were not. At the state level, the common principle is that everyone shouldn’t vote. At the state level, the common principle is that everyone shouldn’t vote. Most government positions did not include a good salary, if any. Most government positions did not include a good salary, if any.

Enter The Age of the Common Man

What Prompted The Shift? Jeffersonian Democracy Jeffersonian Democracy Frontier Ethic Frontier Ethic Popular campaigning Popular campaigning

Other Important Changes Numerous important changes- Numerous important changes- * Enlarging the voting franchise. * Enlarging the voting franchise. * Change in the mechanics of choosing a candidate. * Change in the mechanics of choosing a candidate. * Elector selection * Elector selection * Political crusaders and reforms who sought to use the system to change society * Political crusaders and reforms who sought to use the system to change society

Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

The Ascendancy of Jackson

Essential Question: Is Jackson the Champion of the “Common Man”? “King” Andrew? OR

Jackson’s First Run for President- 1824

Results of the 1824 Election A “ Corrupt Bargain”?

Campaign For the Election of 1828 The campaign for 1828 election started the day Adams was elected in The campaign for 1828 election started the day Adams was elected in This election had a great deal of mudslinging between Adams and Jackson. This election had a great deal of mudslinging between Adams and Jackson. Jackson’s support came from the West and South, Adams from New England. Jackson’s support came from the West and South, Adams from New England. Jackson emerges victorious and becomes the first president from the West. Jackson emerges victorious and becomes the first president from the West.

The New “Jackson Coalition” 3 The Planter Elite in the South 3 People on the Frontier 3 Politicians – spoils system- principle of rotation. 3 Immigrants in the cities.

JACKSON AND TARIFFS- Tariff of Abominations Tariffs protected American industry against competition from European manufactured goods. Tariffs protected American industry against competition from European manufactured goods. These tariffs drove up prices for American goods and caused foreign countries to place tariffs on American exports. These tariffs drove up prices for American goods and caused foreign countries to place tariffs on American exports. In 1828, a high tariff bill was passed. In 1828, a high tariff bill was passed. South had few manufacturing industries, so tariffs greatly affected the economy. South had few manufacturing industries, so tariffs greatly affected the economy John C. Calhoun secretly wrote The South Carolina Exposition and Protest John C. Calhoun secretly wrote The South Carolina Exposition and Protest

The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Sen. Robert Hayne [SC]

Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun ( supported Hayne): The Union, next to our liberty, is most dear.

Nullification Crisis South Carolina legislature tried to get 2/3 vote to nullify the tariff, but was unable to do so South Carolina legislature tried to get 2/3 vote to nullify the tariff, but was unable to do so “ Nullies” wore Palmetto ribbon were able to get the legislature to approve nullification after the new Tariff of 1832 passed. “ Nullies” wore Palmetto ribbon were able to get the legislature to approve nullification after the new Tariff of 1832 passed. Many in South Carolina were ready to secede if the federal government tried to collect the tariff. Many in South Carolina were ready to secede if the federal government tried to collect the tariff. President Jackson was ready to use military force to prevent secession President Jackson was ready to use military force to prevent secession

Henry Clay’s Compromise Reduced Tariff of 1832 by about 10% over 8 years. Reduced Tariff of 1832 by about 10% over 8 years. As a part of the compromise the Force Bill was also passed. As a part of the compromise the Force Bill was also passed. allowed the president to use military force, if necessary, to collect federal tariff duties. allowed the president to use military force, if necessary, to collect federal tariff duties. It was known in South Carolina as the “Bloody Bill” It was known in South Carolina as the “Bloody Bill” Southern states learned from this crisis that secession could only work if other states were to secede also. Southern states learned from this crisis that secession could only work if other states were to secede also.

Jackson’s Use of Power

An 1832 Cartoon: “King Andrew” ? An 1832 Cartoon: “King Andrew” ?

Jackson’s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830  Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

Jackson and the Bank- “ I Will Kill IT” Jackson disliked the Bank of the United States Jackson disliked the Bank of the United States Its paper currency was stable in value compared to most private banks. Its paper currency was stable in value compared to most private banks. The bank was a private institution run by Nicolas Biddle ( Czar Nicolas) The bank was a private institution run by Nicolas Biddle ( Czar Nicolas) Henry Clay and Daniel Webster presented a bill in 1832 to re-charter the Bank of the United States. Henry Clay and Daniel Webster presented a bill in 1832 to re-charter the Bank of the United States.

Election of Jackson v. Clay The Bank obviously becomes an important issue. The Bank obviously becomes an important issue. Anti-Masonic Party- third party involved in an election; appealed to people who were against secret societies. Anti-Masonic Party- third party involved in an election; appealed to people who were against secret societies. National nominating conventions- put together to name candidates. National nominating conventions- put together to name candidates. Some parties even created platforms Some parties even created platforms

Opposition to the 2 nd B.U.S. “Soft” (paper) $ “Hard” (specie) $ 3s3s3s3state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. 3s3s3s3supported rapid economic growth & speculation. 3f3f3f3felt that coin was the only safe currency. 3d3d3d3didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. 3s3s3s3suspicious of expansion & speculation.

The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle President Jackson

Jackson and the Bank cont. “Biddle’s Panic” “Biddle’s Panic” Federal funds placed in state institutions that supported Jackson ( pet banks) after the Bank of the United States expired in Federal funds placed in state institutions that supported Jackson ( pet banks) after the Bank of the United States expired in Jackson got the Treasury to issue a Specie Circular in Jackson got the Treasury to issue a Specie Circular in 1836.

Results of the Specie Circular $Banknotes loose their value. $Land sales plummeted. $Credit not available. $Businesses began to fail.  Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837! The Panic of 1837!

The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

The “Monster” Is Destroyed!  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 nd National Bank of the United States. 3 Money goes into “Pet Banks”  the charter expired  the bank went bankrupt!

The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!