Genes and Cell Division SWBAT define gene and chromosome; explain how genes and chromosomes are related; describe the three stages of the cell cycle; name and describe the 4 phases of mitosis in order; define asexual reproduction

Genes and Cell Division Gene –Cells blueprints –Contain the information needed to build cells and cell products Chromosomes –Found in the nucleus –Contain genes What is cell division? –(binary fission) A parent cell divides into two new daughter cells that are exact replicas of the original

Cell Division Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis First stage, genes are copied Mitosis begins, the nucleus membrane disappears and chromosomes begin to coil up, spindle fibers form Chromosomes are lined up at the center spindle Each pair of sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the spindle Final phase of mitosis, new chromosomes reach the end of the spindle and begin to uncoil, a new nucleus membrane is formed Final stage of division, daughter cells fill with cytoplasm and organelles

Definitions Asexual reproduction –Reproduction by mitotic cell division –Amoebas reproduce this way Budding –Mitosis occurs inside the nucleus and the two new nuclei create a bulge or bud, when the bud is completely grown it breaks off –Yeast reproduce this way Regeneration –The process of growing a new body part –Planarian can do this

Definitions Spores –A cell surrounded by a protective covering –Bread mold reproduces this way Sexual reproduction –When two organisms each give a complete copy of their genes to form a new organism Meiosis –The process during which genetic information is copied during sexual reproduction What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis? –In Meiosis only half of the genes are passed on, the other half come from the second parent. In mitosis all the genes are copied exactly, from only one parent.