ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION One cell, called the parent cell divides into two daughter cells.

How Does the New Organism Appear? The new organisms, called offspring, are genetically identical to the parent cell. The new organisms, called offspring, are genetically identical to the parent cell.

What types of organisms reproduce asexually?  Asexual reproduction is more common in invertebrates (animals with no backbone) than vertebrates (animals with a backbone).  Unicellular and multicellular plants can reproduce both asexually and sexually.

Types of Asexual Reproduction  Binary Fission  Budding  Sporulation  Regeneration  Vegetative Propogation

BINARY FISSION A one celled organism divides by mitosis to form daughter cells of equal size. Both the nucleus and cytoplasm divide equally. Ex: amebas, paramecia, and bacteria.

BUDDING A new organism develops as an outgrowth of the parent; the nucleus divides equally and the cytoplasm divides unequally. The bud and the parent may separate from each other or remain together to form a colony. Ex: yeast and hydra.

SPORULATION Spores are specialized asexual reproductive cells that contain a nucleus and a small amount of cytoplasm.

SPORULATION Spores are surrounded by tough protective coats that enable them to survive unfavorable conditions such as extreme heat or cold. When the conditions are favorable, each spore can develop into a new organism.

SPORULATION The new organisms have the same genetic make up as the parent. Ex: bread mold, mushrooms, mosses and ferns.

REGENERATION The development of a new organism from a part of the parent organism. Ex: in star fish a single arm can develop into a new star fish.

REGENERATION Regeneration can also mean replacement of a lost body part. Ex: a lobster can grow a new claw to replace one that is lost. Other animals that can regenerate are sponges and planaria.

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION A form of asexual plant reproduction. A part of a plant--a root, stem, or leaf grows into a new plant.

VEGETATIVE PROPOGATION Vegetative propagation can occur naturally or artificially. can occur naturally or artificially.

TYPES OF NATURAL VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION  Tubers-under ground stems that contain stored food. Ex: white potatoes; the “eyes” of the potato are buds which can develop into new plants.  Runners-stems that grow out over the surface of the soil from existing stem. Ex; strawberries and some grasses.  Rhizomes-modified stems that grow horizontally under the soil. Ex: lawn grasses, and ferns.  Bulbs-underground stems specialized for storage. The food is stored in the thick leaves of the bulbs. Each bulb can develop into a new plant. Ex: onions.

TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION  Cuttings- pieces of roots, stems, or leaves develop into new plants under proper conditions. Ex: roses, sugar cane, and bananas.  Grafting- a cutting from one plant called the scion, is attached to the main body of a rooted plant, the stock. Ex: oranges and grapes.