Benign v. Malignant Vocabulary Neoplasm – a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body Benign – refers to a condition, tumor, or growth that is not cancerous Malignant – characterized by uncontrolled growth; cancerous, invasive, or metastatic Metastatic – the transference of disease- producing organisms or of malignant or cancerous cells to other parts of the body by way of the blood or lymphatic vessels or membranous surfaces

BENIGN V. MALIGNANT TUMORS  Remain localized within the tissue from which they arose  Cells grow slowly  Cells are well differentiated  Cells are encapsulated (often, not always) by dense tissue that keeps them in their original location  Tend to spread to other regions of the body  Cell grow rapidly  Cells are undifferentiated  Cells tend to fall away from their original neoplasm and travel to different parts of the body (to form new neoplasms) via the bloodstream or lymphatic system BENIGNMALIGNANT

BENIGN V. MALIGNANT TUMORS  Cells may grow and invade surrounding tissue  Neoplasms are divided into subgroups  Those that arise from epithelial tissue  Papilloma – forms fingerlike projection (warts)  Adenoma – tumors of glandular epithelium  Nevus – small pigmented tumors of the skin (moles)  Cells may grow and invade surrounding tissue  Neoplasms are divided into subgroups  Those that arise from epithelial tissue:  Melanoma – involves melanocytes (pigment producing cells)  Adenocarcinoma – tumors in glandular epithelium BENIGNMALIGNANT

PAPILLOMA ADENOMA NEVUS

MELANOMA ADENOCARCINOMA

BENIGN V. MALIGNANT TUMORS  Those that arise from connective tissue  Lipoma – tumors in adipose tissue  Osteoma – tumors in bone tissue  Chondroma – tumors in cartilage tissue  Contains miscellaneous tumors that do not fit either category (for example: adenofibroma – benign neoplasm in epithelial and connective tissue  Those that arise from connective tissue  Lymphoma – cancer of lymphatic tissue  Osteosarcoma – cancer of bone tissue  Myeloma – cancer of bone marrow  Fibrosarcoma – cancer of fibrous connective tissue  Contains miscellaneous tumors that do not fit any group (for example: neuroblastoma arises from nervous tissue) BENIGNMALIGNANT

LIPOMA OSTEOMA CHONDROMA

HODKIN’S LYMPHOMA OSTEOSARCOMA MYELOMA FIBROSARCOMA

ADENOFIBROMA NEUROBLASTOMA

BENIGN V. MALIGNANT TUMORS  Tumors are classified by the type of tissue they are found in.  Tumors are further classified by their location within the body (for example: skin, lung, stomach, breast) BENIGNMALIGNANT

BENIGN V. MALIGNANT TUMORS  Aren’t always harmless  Benign tumors may become malignant  Benign tumors can invade tissues to a degree that causes death  Aren’t always harmful  malignant tumors may be slow growing and treatment options can involve watching progress before other types of therapies BENIGNMALIGNANT