1. Cell Wall Strong, stiff, nonliving layer outside the cell membrane; in plants, made of cellulose Function – protect and support the cell

2. Cell Membrane Boundary separates the cell from its environment Function - Protects and regulates what goes in and out

3. Cytoplasm Region between the nucleus and the cell membrane Consists of a jellylike substance that contains many organelles Function – contains organelles

4. Nucleus Large, oval Contains chromatin (genetic material) Surrounded by a nuclear membrane Function – control center of the cell; directs all activities

5. Nucleolus Small; inside nucleus Makes ribosomes

6. Chromosomes One of a set of structures found in the nucleus; made of DNA, plus some protein Function – genetic material

7. Endoplasmic Reticulum Network of passageways Function – carry proteins and other materials from one part of a cell to another.

8. Ribosomes Small, grainlike body made primarily of RNA; may be attached to ER or floating free in cytoplasm; produced in nucleolus Place where proteins are made

9. Mitochondria Rod-shaped organelle located in cytoplasm smooth outer membrane and greatly folded inner membrane Produce the energy the cell needs to carry out all functions (ATP)

10. Vacuole Large, round, water filled sac Stores food, water, wastes, and other materials; helps keep plant rigid

11. Lysosomes Small, round Contain chemicals to break down large food particles into smaller ones; break down old cell parts

12. Chloroplast Large, green organelle Captures energy in sunlight and uses it to produce food

13. Golgi Body Flattened collection of sacs and tubes Function – receives protein and other materials from the ER; packages, and distributes this material