1 A cable replacement technology 1 Mb/s symbol rate Range 10+ meters Single chip radio at low power & low price point Bluetooth

2 Cordless headset Cell phone mouse Cable replacement Ad hoc networking Data access point Internet access Value proposition of Bluetooth

3 Bluetooth Overview ISM band divided into 79 freq. channels: GHz of 1 MHz each FHSS: 1600 hops/sec Reduces interference Channel divided into 625 µs time slots 1 Mb/s rate, 10+ meter range Point to Multipoint Master to slave communication Service discovery mechanism Native support for voice (Time Division Duplex scheme) Cordless Bluetooth Baby monitors g, b Unused LANs Microwave oven802.11a

4 Class Maximum Permitted Power mW (dBm) Range (m) Class 1100 mW (20 dBm)~100 Class 22.5 mW (4 dBm)~10 Class 31 mW (0 dBm)~1 VersionData Rate Version 1.2 IEEE Standard Mbit/s Version EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) (November 10, 2004) 3 Mbit/s Version HS (High Speed) (April 21, 2009) 24 Mbit/s Version 4.0 (Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)) (June 30, 2010) 200 kbit/s ~ 24 Mbit/s

5 Radio specification Radio specification Goal is a single chip radio Relaxed RF specifications reduce cost 2.4 GHz ISM band radio 2.4 GHz ISM band radio Frequency Hop Spread Spectrum (FHSS) : 1600 hops/sec Bluetooth Radio

6 Bluetooth is a 2.4 GHz ISM band spread spectrum radio – MHz allows world wide (almost) operation – 1600 hops/sec (625 msec) frequency hopper – 79 One MHz channels (23 in France, Japan) – Tx power 1 mW – Range 10 cm to 10 m at low power – Data rates: from 432/432 kbps symmetric channel to 723/57 kbps asymmetric channel to 723/57 kbps asymmetric channel Bluetooth Radio

7 BT Topology Master Slave Piconet ScatterNet Bluetooth Piconet and Scatternet formation Master / Slave Scatternet Piconets

8 One unit becomes the master and the others Slaves with maximum of 8 devices in a piconet. One unit becomes the master and the others Slaves with maximum of 8 devices in a piconet. Master/slave relationship establishes timing Master/slave relationship establishes timing A slave can become a master in another Piconet. This connects two Piconets into a Scatter Net MASTER A slave can become a master in another Piconet. This connects two Piconets into a Scatter Net MASTER Master/Slave Piconet

9 Master in one piconet can be a slave in another Addressing limits number of active devices in a piconet to 7 An indefinite number of parked devices remain synchronized with the piconet but are not active Bluetooth Pico and Scatter nets

10 Scatter net Scatter net

11 Scatter net scenario 2 Scatter net scenario 2

12 Cell phone Cordless headset Cell phone Cordless headset Cell phone mouse Inter Piconet communication

13 Connection Setup Inquiry - scan protocol to learn about the clock offset and device address of other nodes in proximity

14 Piconet formation Master Active Slave Parked Slave Standby Page - scan protocol to establish links with nodes in proximity

15 Link Manager Controls BT operational modes – Active Mode BT can accommodate only 7 active slaves BT can accommodate only 7 active slaves AM_ADDR: 3 bit address given to each active slave AM_ADDR: 3 bit address given to each active slave – Hold Mode – Park Mode – Sniff Mode Bluetooth Connection States

16 Bluetooth Addressing BT device address (BD_ADDR) 48-bit IEEE MAC address 3-bit active member address (AM_ADDR) Maximum 8 active members in a piconet All zero broadcast address 8-bit parked member address (PM_ADDR) 255 parked members 3 low power modes Sniff : Reduced listening, Keeps AMA, communication during specified Sniff time slots Hold : Keeps AMA, Do other things or sleep Park : Release AMA, Gets PMA, Keeps synced to piconet

17 The Protocol Stack

18 Bluetooth Protocol Stack Simplified protocol architecture High Level Applications APIs Adaptation RFCOMM, BNEP L2CAP Logical link control for each separate connection Performs Segmentation, Reassembly of packets Multiplexing of High Level Applications, QoS Baseband Low level processing of packets. Inquiry and page scan Active, Hold, Sniff, Park state management, Freq. Hop calculation Link Manager Handles physical Link Setup and Control Radio HCI Standards Adaptation Core Host (PC, …) Host Controller (BT Module) Host Application(s) OBEX AT Commands UDPTCP IP Legacy APIs

19 BT Profile Each Bluetooth device supports one or more profiles A profile represents a default solution for a usage model Vertical slice through the protocol stack Basis for interoperability between devices from different vendors Profile List Generic Access Profile Service Discovery Application Profile Cordless Telephony Profile Intercom Serial Port Profile Headset Profile Dial-up Networking Profile Fax Profile LAN Access Profile Generic Object Exchange Profile Object Push Profile File Transfer Profile Synchronization Profile And more coming

20 Bluetooth Profiles

21 Bluetooth Profile SpecificationsPublish Date Advanced Audio Distribution Profile Apr-07 Advanced Audio Distribution Profile Jun-03 Audio/Video Remote Control Profile Jun-08 Audio/Video Remote Control Profile Apr-07 Audio/Video Remote Control Profile Jun-03 Basic Imaging Profile (BIP) 25-Jul-03 Basic Printing Profile (BPP) Apr-06 Basic Printing Profile (BPP) Feb-04 Cordless Telephony Profile (CTP) 22-Feb-01 Device Identification Profile (DI) Jul-07 Device Identification Profile (DI) Apr-06 Dial-Up Networking Profile (DUN) 22-Feb-01 Fax Profile (FAX) 22-Feb-01 File Transfer Profile (FTP) 22-Feb-01 Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile Apr-07 Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile May-03 Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP) 22-Feb-01 Hands-Free Profile 1.5 (HFP 1.5) 25-Nov-05 Hardcopy Cable Replacement Profile (HCRP) Apr-06 Hardcopy Cable Replacement Profile (HCRP) Sep-02 Headset Profile (HSP) Dec-08 Headset Profile (HSP) Feb-01 Health Device Profile (HDP) 26-Jun-08 Human Interface Device Profile (HID) 24-May-03 Intercom Profile (ICP) 22-Feb-01 Message Access Profile (MAP) 4-Jun-09 Object Push Profile (OPP) 22-Feb-01 Personal Area Networking Profile (PAN) 20-Feb-03 Phone Book Access Profile (PBAP) 27-Apr-06 Serial Port Profile (SPP) 22-Feb-01 Service Discovery Application Profile 22-Feb-01 SIM Access Profile (SAP) Dec-08 SIM Access Profile (SAP) May-05 Synchronization Profile (SYNC) 22-Feb-01 Video Distribution Profile (VDP) 8-Sep-04 Bluetooth Profile Specifications

22 Protocol Stack & Profiles Simplified protocol stack Protocol Stack with profiles

23 RF Baseband Audio Link Manager L2CAP Data RFCOMM SDP IP Applications GOALS IP over Bluetooth v1.0 Internet access using cell phones Connect PDA devices & laptop computers to the Internet via LAN access points

24 Bluetooth v1.1 Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Protocol (BNEP)

25 IP over Bluetooth Quick Solution: Use PPP over Virtual Serial Link

26 Current: Bluetooth PAN Test bed: Private IP Network over Bluetooth eth0 bnep0: bnep1: master1 br0: slave1slave2 bnep0: bnep0: Linux Kernel BlueZ Bluetooth Stack 802.1d Ethernet Bridge Socket Bluetooth CompactFlash Cards D-Link DBT120 USB Dongles

27 References Bluetooth core specification v1.1 Bluetooth BNEP profile specification Dynamic Location Discovery in Ad-Hoc Networks: BlueZ Bluetooth stack: Tutorial: Bluetooth Vs Location Based Services: