© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. PowerPoint Lectures Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Eighth Edition REECE TAYLOR SIMON DICKEY HOGAN Chapter 16 Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Prokaryote and Protist Presentations PPT Each person will be assigned one of the following organisms: Slide 1: Organism name & your name Slide 2: Brief description of your organism including something interesting about it (does it cause a weird disease, is it really old, is it found in/on people, does it live weird places, is it beneficial…) Slide 3: 1-3 examples (common or scientific name) & one picture/drawing Slide 4: A 1-2 minute video showcasing your organism (mark start/stop points if too long) Be sure your presentation is in >1 place! Prokaryote bacteria Proteobacteria Gram-positive bacteria Cyanobacteria Chlamydias bacteria Spirochetes bacteria Protists Diatoms Brown algae Water molds Dinoflagellates Ciliate Amoebas Foraminiferans Radiolarians

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. P ROKARYOTES

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc Bacteria include a diverse assemblage of prokaryotes Prokaryotes are divided into Archaea and Bacteria. The domain Bacteria is currently divided into five groups, based on comparisons of genetic sequences. Proteobacteria Gram-positive bacteria Cyanobacteria Chlamydias bacteria Spirochetes bacteria

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc Bacteria include a diverse assemblage of prokaryotes 1. Proteobacteria are all gram-negative, share a particular rRNA sequence, and represent all four modes of nutrition.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc Bacteria include a diverse assemblage of prokaryotes Thiomargarita namibiensis is a type of photoautotrophic species of proteobacteria that uses H 2 S to generate organic molecules from CO 2 and produces sulfur wastes, seen as small greenish globules in the following figure.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.9a

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc Bacteria include a diverse assemblage of prokaryotes Proteobacteria also include Rhizobium species that live symbiotically in root nodules of legumes and convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into a form usable by their legume host. Rhizobium is an endosymbiont.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc Bacteria include a diverse assemblage of prokaryotes 2. Gram-positive bacteria Gram-positive bacteria rival proteobacteria in diversity and include the actinomycetes common in soil. Streptomyces are often cultured by pharmaceutical companies as a source of many antibiotics, including streptomycin.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.9b

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc Bacteria include a diverse assemblage of prokaryotes 3. Cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria are the only group of prokaryotes with plantlike, oxygen-generating photosynthesis. Some species, such as Anabaena, have specialized cells that fix nitrogen.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.9c Photosynthetic cells Nitrogen-fixing cells Capsule

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc Bacteria include a diverse assemblage of prokaryotes 4. Chlamydias Chlamydias live inside eukaryotic host cells. Chlamydia trachomatis is a common cause of blindness in developing countries and causes nongonococcal urethritis, the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.9d

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc Bacteria include a diverse assemblage of prokaryotes 5. Spirochetes are helical bacteria and notorious pathogens, causing syphilis and Lyme disease.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.9e

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. P ROTISTS

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc The “SAR” supergroup represents the range of protist diversity Protists include: Diatoms Brown algae Water molds Dinoflagellates Ciliate Amoebas Foraminiferans Radiolarians

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc The “SAR” supergroup represents the range of protist diversity Diatoms are unicellular algae that are one of the most important photosynthetic organisms on Earth, have a unique glassy cell wall containing silica, and live in freshwater and marine environments.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.14a

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc The “SAR” supergroup represents the range of protist diversity Brown algae are large and complex, owe their characteristic brownish color to some of the pigments in their chloroplasts, are all multicellular and mostly marine, and include kelp, which, attached to the seafloor, may reach 60 meters in length.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.14b

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc The “SAR” supergroup represents the range of protist diversity Water molds are heterotrophic unicellular stramenopiles that typically decompose dead plants and animals and live in freshwater habitats.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.14c

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc The “SAR” supergroup represents the range of protist diversity Alveolates (dinoflagellates) include unicellular autotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs and are common components of marine and freshwater plankton. Blooms—population explosions—of autotrophic dinoflagellates sometimes cause warm coastal waters to turn pinkish orange, a phenomenon known as “red tide.”

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.14d

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc The “SAR” supergroup represents the range of protist diversity Alveolata also includes ciliates, which are unicellular protists including heterotrophs and mixotrophs and named for their use of cilia to move and to sweep food into their mouth. The common freshwater protist Paramecium is often studied in a biology lab.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.14e Cell mouth

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc The “SAR” supergroup represents the range of protist diversity The two largest groups of Rhizaria, foraminiferans and radiolarians, are among the organisms referred to as amoebas. Amoebas move and feed by means of pseudopodia, temporary extensions of the cell.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc The “SAR” supergroup represents the range of protist diversity Foraminiferans are found in the oceans and in fresh water, have porous shells, called tests, composed of calcium carbonate, and have pseudopodia that function in feeding and locomotion.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.14f-0

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.14f-1

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.14f-2

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc The “SAR” supergroup represents the range of protist diversity Radiolarians are mostly marine and produce a mineralized internal skeleton made of silica.

© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 16.14g