Struggles in South America 5/20/16

Agenda… You need to talk about the content from yesterday in your groups. Help each other fill in the 4 boxes on pg. 61 Today, you will be mainly working as your group. You have the general info slides for todays content… You will go over the slides and take your notes in your interactive notebooks as a group. You will look up the vocab words as you go to help create a better understanding of the material! Ask questions if you have them! You are RESPONSIBLE for this information, so use your time wisely! Study the material as if you are doing research!

Interactive Notebook

Argentina and Peronism:  : “Infamous Decade” saw fixed elections & widespread gov’t corruption.  1946: Juan Perón was elected President of Argentina. Him & his wife, Eva, turned Argentina into a socialist welfare state.  Peron’s policies (Peronism) were based on the “Three Flags” - Social Justice, Economic Independence, Political Sovereignty.  : Revolución Libertadora saw increased violence and a ban on Peronist speech and policies.  : Revolución Argentina, saw Argentina fall to military dictatorship led by General Juan Carlos Ongenía.

Argentina’s “Dirty Wars” ( )  : left-wing Marxist insurgents (Montoneros) began to fight against the right-wing “Triple A Death Squad” (Argentine Anti-communist Alliance).  1976: military coup, military commander-in-chief, Jorge Rafael Videla, took power and established the right-wing National Reorganization Process.  To combat the spread of communist ideology in South America, the US CIA initiated “Operation Condor” ( )  Violent political repression and guerrilla war raged between 1976 and 1983 resulting in the death or disappearance of as many as 30,000 people.

Revolution in Chile:  Between 1932 and 1964, Chile was dominated by the Radical Party, which established a state controlled economy.  1964: Secretly financed by the CIA, Christian Democrat, Eduardo Frei Montalvo, was elected president and began “Revolution in Liberty” enacting social reforms in agriculture, housing, and education.

Chile: The Allende & Pinochet Regimes:  1970: Salvador Allende elected president despite U.S. efforts to block his candidacy.  Allende’s Popular Unity platform nationalized Chile’s mining industry, banking, and agriculture leading to U.S. trade sanctions.  Nixon authorized CIA agents in Chile to destabilize Allende’s gov’t, from fear of Marxist ideas, & in 1973 supported a coup by right wing military leader Augusto Pinochet.  W/ U.S. support, Pinochet (a military dictatorship) focused on purging communism in Chile.  eliminated civil liberties, dissolved congress, banned unions, and deregulated the Chilean economy.  1973: Pinochet allegedly authorized the “Caravan of Death”. Pinochet’s gov’t is believed responsible for at least 3,000 executions, and more than 30,000 people imprisoned, tortured, or “disappeared.”

Venezuela’s Revolutionary Democracy  In 1945, Venezuela entered into what became knows as El Trienio Adeco ( ).  More democratic reforms, democratic elections, etc.  Rómulo Betancourt organized the Democratic Action (AD) party and established the Revolutionary Gov’t Junta.  In 1960, during Betancourt’s 2 nd presidency, Venezuela expanded its relationship with other oil countries (OPEC).

Venezuela in the 1970s  1960s: the “Betancourt Doctrine” had mixed results, but Venezuela did remain more democratic than most Latin American nations.  During the Pérez presidency ( ), Venezuela experienced a consumer revolution driven by high global oil prices.  In 1976, Pérez nationalized the oil and iron industries giving economic control to the “Twelve Apostles.” President Carlos Andrés Pérez delivering a 1975 address on the creation of the Latin American Economic System (SELA).

Cuba Under the Batista Regime  As prosperity grew in the 1940s, Cuba’s government became more corrupt w/ties to organized crime.  1952: Fulgencio Batista staged a bloodless coup, and canceled the elections. Batista ruled as a virtual right-wing dictator until  Fidel Castro, a young socialist political candidate emerged as a vocal opponent of Batista’s gov’t

The Cuban Revolution:  1959: Castro, his brother Raul, Ernesto “Che” Guevarra, and a small band of socialist revolutionaries took Havana, ousted Batista’s gov’t, and established a single party, socialist government.

Castro’s Relationship with the U.S.  With a newly Socialist Cuba, Castro met w/ Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev.  1961: Eisenhower authorized failed Bay of Pigs invasion.  1962: Cuban Missile Crisis & U.S. naval blockade almost brought Cold War superpowers to a nuclear war.